CH-21 馱馬/肖尼運輸直升機

Piasecki H-21 Workhorse/Shawnee
概觀
類型運輸直升機
代號H-21
乘員3-5人
首飛1952年4月11日
退役1967年
生產皮亞塞基（英语：Piasecki Helicopter）
現況已退役
主要用戶 美国
衍生自皮亞塞基 HRP 救援者
技术数据
長度52ft6in(16.00m)
高度15ft9in(4.80m)
空重8,950lb(4,060kg)
負載重量20名士兵/10負擔架
發動機柯蒂斯-萊特公司R-1820-103 Cyclone
推力1,425hp(1,063kW)
性能數據
最大速度127mph(204km/h,110kn)
巡航速度98mph(158km/h,85kn)
最大升限9,450ft(2,880m)
最大航程265mi(426km,230nmi)
武器装备
機槍通常是1至2挺白朗寧M2重機槍或著M60通用機槍

H-21 馱馬/肖尼運輸直升機(英語：H-21 Workhorse/Shawnee)是一架由皮亞塞基（英语：Piasecki Helicopter）研製的雙旋翼縱列式結構旋翼直升機，為其系列中的第四款。綽號是“會飛的香蕉(英語：the flying banana)”。

H-21 最初是作為北極救援直升機，因此具有抗寒特性，它能在低至-65°F(-54°C)的溫度下運行，並且可以在嚴寒天氣環境中進行常規維護。其命名保持美軍以美洲原住民命名的傳統，源於肖尼族。

發展

1949 年，Piasecki向美國空軍提出了YH-21 Workhorse，它是HRP-1的改進型全金屬衍生物。H-21 使用兩個串聯、完全鉸接的三葉反向旋轉轉子。

在1952年4月11日YH-21首飛後，美國空軍訂購了32架H-21A SAR型號和163架更強大的H-21B突擊運輸型。憑藉其優秀的抗寒能力，H-21A和H-21B被美國空軍和加拿大皇家空軍將其部署在北部，以服務阿拉斯加橫跨北極地區到格陵蘭和冰島。

1952 年，美國海軍陸戰隊第一直升機中隊(英語：HMX-1)對H-21A進行了空中突擊評估。1957年，海軍陸戰隊租了一架H-21B用於評估其運輸能力。1962年，H-21在美國陸軍服役中並更名為CH-21。

CH-21優秀的運輸能力使其深受重用，但在越戰時發現，其優秀的抗寒能力反而成為其累贅，速度更慢且載重更差，因此在1964年被UH-1取代，並於1965年CH-47入駐後完全撤離越南。

型號

  • XH-21

美國空軍的實驗機。

  • YH-21 Work Horse 馱馬

美國空軍搜救(英語：Safe And Rescue)版本，共18 架

  • H-21A Work Horse 馱馬(Model 42)

YH-21的升級版，1962年編號為CH-21A，共美國空軍32架和加拿大皇家空軍6架

  • H-21B Work Horse 馱馬 (Model 42)

H-21A的大馬力升級版，並有可容納20名士兵的座位、自動駕駛儀、有限的裝甲保護和外部油箱，於1962編號為CH-21B，美軍163架，日本自衛隊10架；法國海軍10架。

  • SH-21B Work Horse 馱馬

H-21B的救援版本，1962年編號HH-21B。

  • H-21C Shawnee 肖尼 (Model 43)

美國陸軍版的H-21B，在 1962年編號CH-21C，美軍334架，西德軍隊32架，法國空軍和法國陸軍航空兵98架。

  • XH-21D Shawnee 肖尼 (Model 71).

兩架更換引擎的H-21C，未投入量產。

  • CH-21A

H-21A重新編號於1962年。

  • CH-21B

H-21B重新編號於1962年。

  • CH-21C

H-21C重新編號於1962年。

  • HH-21B

SH-21B重新編號於1962年。

  • Model 42A

將8架加拿大空軍的H-21改為民用的型號。

  • Model 44A

H-21的商用版本。瑞典軍用(編號是:Hkp1)共11架(瑞典海軍9架，瑞典空軍2架。還有兩架日本自衛隊用於測試。

  • Model 44B

H-21B的商用15人/貨機版本。

  • Model 44C

H-21B的商用8人行政專機版本。

  • CH-127

Vertol Canada生產的Model 44版本

  • Piasecki HkP1

瑞典海軍的Piasecki 44型

服役國家

參考

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