6.5mm Grendel

6.5毫米格伦戴尔弹
6.5毫米格伦戴尔弹的不同弹头——从144 gr(9.3 g)到90 gr(5.8 g)
類型步枪
原產地美国
生产历史
研发者Bill Alexander、 Arne Brennan、Janne Pohjoispää
研发日期2003年[1]
基本规格
前代彈系.220 Russian[2]
彈殼類型无缘瓶形
彈頭直徑6.71 mm(0.264英寸)
彈頸直徑7.44 mm(0.293英寸)
彈肩直徑10.87 mm(0.428英寸)
殼底直徑11.15 mm(0.439英寸)
底緣直徑11.2 mm(0.44英寸)
底緣厚度1.5 mm(0.059英寸)
彈殼長度38.7 mm(1.52英寸)
全長57.5 mm(2.26英寸)
弹壳容量2.3 cm3(35 gr H2O
膛線纏距1:8吋或1:9吋
底火種類步枪小底火
最大压力()52000 psi(AR-15枪栓), 58000 psi(弹壳强度)
彈道表現
彈頭重量/種類 槍口初速 能量
90 gr(6 g) Speer TNT 2,880 ft/s(880 m/s) 1,658 ft·lbf(2,248 J)
108[3] Scenar (moly) 2,790 ft/s(850 m/s) 1,866 ft·lbf(2,530 J)
120 gr(8 g) Norma FMJBT 2,700 ft/s(820 m/s) 1,942 ft·lbf(2,633 J)
123 gr(8 g) Sierra Matchking 2,650 ft/s(810 m/s) 1,917 ft·lbf(2,599 J)
130 gr(8 g) Norma 2,510 ft/s(770 m/s) 1,818 ft·lbf(2,465 J)
测试枪管长度:24 inches
来源:Alexander Arms Pressure-safe Load Data

6.5毫米“格伦戴尔”弹(6.5mm Grendel),也称6.5×39毫米弹,是一款为AR-15平台步枪中/长程射击(200~800码距离)而设计的低后坐力、高精度中间型威力弹,由美籍英裔武器设计师比尔·亚历山大(Bill Alexander)、休斯顿的美国竞技射手阿恩·布伦南(Arne Brennan)和拉普阿公司的芬兰弹道学家简·珀尤伊斯帕(Janne Pohjoispää)共同合作在.220俄国弹(.220 Russian)的基础上研发而成,是6.5mm PPC的改进版设计[4]。此弹于2003年5月在北卡罗来纳州黑水训练场首次面世,在弹道性能超越7.62毫米北约弹的同时后坐力减半,并且可以在1,200 yd(1,100米)的距离上保持超音速[5]。自问世以来,因为适用性较好已经延伸到在栓动步枪AK枪族上使用[6]

格伦戴尔”的名称是总部位于美国弗吉尼亚州拉德福市的亚历山大武器公司(Alexander Arms)的注册商标[7][8][9],源自八世纪的古英语长篇史诗贝奥武夫》中的妖怪大反派[10]。亚历山大公司之前也曾同样命名了其著名的.50英寸口径“贝奥武夫”弹(.50 Beowulf)。

研发历史

6.5毫米格伦戴尔弹的设计目的是为了能够为AR-15提供一款有效射程在200—800碼(180—730米)、可以配在STANAG弹匣中使用、性能超过5.56mm NATO/.223 Rem的步枪弹。因为受到弹匣尺寸限制,格伦戴尔弹的设计者决定使用较短较粗的弹壳来容纳更多推进药并同时保证可以使用狭长的流线型高弹道系数弹头。厂装弹药的弹头在90—129格令(5.8—8.4)之间,枪口初速可以在使用129—130-格令(8.4—8.4-克)的弹头时达到2,500 ft/s(760 m/s),用90 gr(5.8 g)的弹头达到2,900 ft/s(880 m/s),接近使用77-格令(5.0-克)弹头的5.56 NATO弹药。根据弹壳和弹头材质的不同,格伦戴尔弹的总重量在14.7—17.8克(227—275格令)之间。

格伦戴尔弹的弹壳头直降与.220 Russian、7.62×39mm和6.5mm PPC相同,但是大于5.56mm NATO,因此需要使用非标准的AR-15栓头,同时也会稍微减少标准弹匣的弹容量。一個可裝30發的5.56×45mm NATOSTANAG弹匣只能容纳26发6.5mm 格伦戴尔弹。

弹道性能

C-Products的26发“格伦戴尔”弹匣

格伦戴尔弹的定位在5.56mm NATO7.62mm NATO之间,因为6.5毫米口径弹头的弹道系数较高,能在加长距离上保留更多的终端动能[2]。比如,123 gr(8.0 g)弹头的格伦戴尔弹在1000米距离上的动能和穿甲性要优于更大更重的147 gr(9.5 g)M80弹[11][12][13][14]。但为了能够获得优于7.62mm NATO的弹道性能,必须要使用长枪管和重弹头;而如果要用短枪管达到同样性能,弹头的重量就必须更重[15]

外弹道

枪口初速变化与弹头重量的对比
弹头速度——24英寸(609.6毫米)枪管
弹头质量 枪口初速 1000米距离外速度
格令(gr) (g) 英尺/秒(ft/s) 米/秒(m/s) 英尺/秒(ft/s) 米/秒(m/s)
Lapua Scenar 108 7.0 2,700 820 1,166 355
Lapua Scenar 123 8.0 2,620 800 1,222 372
Lapua FMJBT 144 9.3 2,450 750 1,213 370

如上所述,格伦戴尔弹的弹壳与.220俄国弹关系紧密。总体来说,弹头重量每增加一格令,枪口初速就会减少10.8英尺/秒(每增加一克减少6.1米/秒),枪管长度每增加一英寸就会减少20英尺/秒(每增加一厘米减少2.4米/秒),具体细节可以从亚历山大公司公布的标图中获得。

军用和警用

塞尔维亚目前正试用扎斯塔瓦武器公司(Zastava Arms)生产的一款使用格伦戴尔弹的步枪作为军队主力装备[16],而一款美制的6.5毫米格伦戴尔弹步枪在通过贝尔格莱德技术测试中心批准后也可能被特种部队采用,由乌日策第一游击队弹药厂(Prvi Partizan Užice,即PPU)生产的三款格伦戴尔弹药则会被测试给这些步枪使用[17][18][19][20][21]

另见

参考资料

  1. ^ 6.5mm Grendel (internet archive copy). Alexander Arms. [2015-10-22]. (原始内容存档于January 9, 2012). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Guthrie, J. 6.5mm Grendel: The Round the Military Ought to Have. Shooting Times. 2012-11-16 [2013-03-08]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-19). 
  3. ^ Archived copy. [2016-01-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-08). 
  4. ^ Lewis, Jack. The Gun Digest Book of Assault Weapons. Gun Digest Books. 2007: 77. ISBN 978-0-89689-498-3. 
  5. ^ 6.5 Grendel. Alexander Arms. [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-04). 
  6. ^ Outdoor Hub, Prototype 6.5 Grendel AK Rifle from Definitive Arms页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 13 October 2015
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-15). 
  8. ^ "Alexander Arms Announces: The 6.5 Grendel Is An Official SAAMI Cartridge ". [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-13). 
  9. ^ 存档副本. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-01). 
  10. ^ Gash, Steve. Alexander Arms 6.5 Grendel Hunter Review. Gun Digest. 2015-07-01 [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-04). 
  11. ^ The Case for a General-Purpose Rifle and Machine Gun Cartridge (GPC) by Anthony G Williams. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-09). 
  12. ^ Ehrhart, Thomas P. Increasing Small Arms Lethality in Afghanistan: Taking Back the Infantry Half Kilometer. pg 37-38
  13. ^ Infantry Weapons Conference Report页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - SAdefensejournal.com, 9 January 2012
  14. ^ Another 7.62mm Bullet For M-16s页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Strategypage.com, 8 January 2012
  15. ^ The Army’s Individual Carbine Competition: What’s Next?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - SAdefensejournal.com, 24 October 2013
  16. ^ Archived copy. [2016-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-08-27). 
  17. ^ 存档副本. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-15). 
  18. ^ 存档副本. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-15). 
  19. ^ 存档副本. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-15). 
  20. ^ Archived copy. [2016-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-24). 
  21. ^ 存档副本. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-27). 
  22. ^ The 6.5 MPC cartridge by SSK developed by J.D. Jones at SSK Industries | Article on DefenseReview.com. [2019-11-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-12). 

参考文献

  • Guns 'n' Ammo: Book of the AR-15, 2004, "The 6.5mm Grendel", David Fortier, p. 66.
  • Special Weapons for Military & Police, Annual #27 2004, "Beyond the 5.56mm NATO", Stan Crist, pp. 62–67.
  • Guns 'n' Ammo: Book of the AR-15, 2005, "6.5mm Grendel and 6.8 SPC", David Fortier, pp. 32–44.
  • Shooting Times, February 2005, "Cooking up Loads for the 6.5mm Grendel", David Fortier, pp. 52–56.
  • Shooting Illustrated, September 2005, "6.5mm Grendel and Alexander Arms", J. Guthrie, pp. 34–37, 67–69.
  • Petersen's: Rifle Shooter, March/April 2006, "Cartridge Efficiency—Why case shape matters", M. L. McPherson, pp. 22–24.
  • Shooting Times, January 2007, "Other AR Chamberings", Sidebar Article, David Fortier, p. 56.
  • Special Weapons, Semi-Annual #50 2007, "The Super Versatile AR", Charlie Cutshaw, pp. 44–45, 80–83.
  • Special Weapons, Semi-Annual #50 2007, "5.56mm NATO Alternatives", Stan Crist, pp. 52–59.
  • Shooting Times, March 2007, "Les Baer's 6.5mm Grendel AR Sets a New Standard", David Fortier, pp. 26–32.
  • Special Weapons for Military & Police #52, Spring 2007, "BETTER-IDEA 6.5mm GRENDEL," Stan Crist
  • Special Weapons for Military & Police #52, Spring 2007, "New Battlefield Requirements—New Rifles and Ammo Needed", Charlie Cutshaw

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