2019年巴西帕拉州监狱暴动

除特别注明外，否則本條目所有时间皆以西四区（UTC-4）為準。

3°15′57″S 52°15′16″W / 3.265875°S 52.254474°W / -3.265875; -52.254474

2019年巴西阿尔塔米拉监狱暴动（葡萄牙語：Massacre em Altamira em 2019）发生于7月29日。当天，帕拉州阿尔塔米拉[1]的一座监狱的囚犯发动暴动，导致57人死亡，其中16人被斩首，41人因浓烟窒息死亡[2][3]。本次暴动是因为监狱中两个犯罪集团的冲突而开始[2]，最后在多个执法部门的联合镇压下才平息下来[1]。

背景

曾有多个人权组织批评巴西的监狱状况，认为巴西的监狱正促成犯罪集团的扩张，而拥挤的环境也增加了囚犯们内斗的几率；相反，负责维持秩序的狱警则一直严重缺少[4]。在一些拥挤的监狱中，囚犯甚至需要站着睡觉[5]。

本次事发监狱由州政府管理，规定的关押人数为200人，而事发时被关押的囚犯竟超过了300人[6]。事发时，另一座牢房正在翻新，所以所有的囚犯都集中在了旧牢房中[7]。

事发之前，执法机关未得到任何关于监狱里暴力事件的预警[8]。

经过

暴乱发生于阿尔塔米拉地区矫正中心；当天早上7时，据帕拉州监狱管理部门称，“A级命令”帮派（葡萄牙語：Comando Classe A）的一名成员在“红色命令”帮派（英语：Comando Vermelho）的“地盘”上纵火；随后，被“入侵”的帮派迅速集结了一批人报复，并劫持了两名狱警。在经过协商后，两位狱警被释放，但是冲突仍然在继续。据现场一些囚犯拍摄的、非常不堪入目的视频显示，监狱在暴乱中起火，尸体横七竖八躺在地上，有些囚犯还踢、扔被砍下的头颅。[6]火势迅速蔓延，甚至还舔舐到了天花板，而囚犯们则被迫跑到旁边的开阔地带上[4]。

由于大火蔓延得非常快，警方一直无法进入监狱[7]。数个小时后，由包括宪兵在内的联合执法部队控制了监狱，并开始从“非常热的监狱”里搬走尸体[6]。

处理

调查人员在监狱中未找到任何火器，只有临时打造的刀子[4]。随后，参与暴乱的46名囚犯被转移至其他的监狱里[7]。与此同时，据帕拉州州长赫德尔·巴尔巴霍（英语：Helder Barbalho）说，州政府正在识别暴乱两方的领头人，以便将他们转入管理更为严格的联邦监狱[5]；目前一共有10人被转移[7]。

影响

对于现任巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗来说，这次有可能危及他的政治生涯，也可能为他提供机会，达成他打击监狱暴力和有组织犯罪的目标[3]。一位圣保罗大学暴力研究中心的研究人员表示，这种严重的监狱暴力不仅会持续，而且情况将更加糟糕[5]。

外部视频链接
video icon 巴西一监狱发生帮派冲突 造成52人死亡 其中16人被斩首. 凤凰网. 2019-07-29 [2019-07-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-30）. 

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 57 Die in Brazil prison riot. 埃菲通讯社. 2019-07-29 [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-30） （英语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 巴西一监狱发生暴动 造成52名囚犯死亡. 央视新闻. 2019-07-29 [2019-07-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-15）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 CNN, Tatiana Arias and Ivana Kottasová. Prison riot in Brazil leaves 16 inmates decapitated and dozens more killed. CNN. [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-27）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Scores killed in Brazil prison riot; 16 decapitated. 半岛电视台英语频道. 2019-07-30 [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-02）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Fifty-two inmates killed in Brazil prison riot; 16 decapitated. 华盛顿邮报. 2019-07-29 [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07） （英语）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 52 killed as prison gangs riot & DECAPITATE 16 rivals in Brazil (VIDEO). 今日俄罗斯. [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07） （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Press, DIANE JEANTET Associated. Officials say 57 dead in Brazil prison riot; 16 decapitated. 美联社. [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-30） （英语）. 
  8. ^ At least 57 dead in Brazil prison riot. 中国环球电视网. 2019-07-30 [2019-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-21） （英语）. 

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