2010年航天活动列表
除特别注明外,本文所有时间均以
中时区 时间(
UTC±0 )为准。
1950年代 1960年代 1970年代 1980年代 1990年代 2000年代 2010年代 2020年代
2010年,全球航天活动中出现了许多重大事件。包括用于商业轨道运输服务 的SpaceX 龙飞船 的首次飞行,该飞船旨在为国际空间站 运输补给,以及猎鹰9号 和米諾陶4號 运载火箭 的首飞。2010年6月,韩国进行了第二次罗老运载火箭 的发射,该火箭在2009年首飞失败;然而,第二次尝试也失败了。宇宙3號M型運載火箭 退役,于4月进行了其最后一次飞行;在9月进行了最后一次飞行后,闪电-M运载火箭 也宣布退役。[ 1]
概述
2010年的全球首次亚轨道发射于1月10日23:00(UTC)进行,当时一枚黑雁IX探空火箭 作为波音 YAL-1机载激光系统 的目标发射。1月11日,中国进行了该国首次反弹道导弹试验 ,涉及两枚导弹。全球首次轨道发射于1月16日16:12(UTC)进行,当时长征三号丙运载火箭 从西昌卫星发射中心 发射了北斗-G1导航卫星 。
2010年共进行了74次轨道发射,其中70次成功,4次失败。最后一次轨道发射是在12月29日,当时阿丽亚娜5号 ECA构型从库鲁附近的圭亞那太空中心 发射了Hispasat-1E和Koreasat 6号航天器。
深空探测
5月,日本使用H-IIA运载火箭 发射发射了该国首个金星 探测器“破晓”号 。其目的是寻找金星上的闪电和火山。[ 2] 尽管发射成功,但该航天器未能在12月进入环绕金星的轨道[ 3] ,最终它在5年后的2015年12月才成功进入金星轨道。第一艘可操作的太阳帆 “IKAROS ”号与“破晓”号搭乘同一枚火箭升空。
日本的第一个小行星 探测器“隼鸟”号 于6月13日返回地球,此前它曾降落在小行星25143“丝川” 上收集样本。[ 4] 这也是世界上第一个成功从小行星采样返回 的航天任务。[ 5]
10月1日10:59:57(UTC),中国成功发射嫦娥二号 探测器,这是嫦娥工程 的第二次任务。此次任务使用长征三号丙运载火箭 从西昌卫星发射中心 发射。嫦娥二号的任务与之前的嫦娥一号 类似,但重点是绘制潜在着陆点 ,为嫦娥三号 无人月球着陆器 做好准备。[ 6]
载人航天
2010年按计划进行了7次载人飞行任务,包括3次航天飞机 和4次联盟号飞船 任务,用于国际空间站 乘组人员轮换。STS-130 使用奋进号 ,是本年度首次载人飞行,奋进号于2月8日发射,搭载宁静号节点舱 和穹顶舱 前往国际空间站。4月5日,发现号 执行STS-131 任务,搭载“莱昂纳多”多功能后勤模块 (MPLM)为空间站提供补给。
4月2日,联盟TMA-18 飞船将远征23 乘组人员送往国际空间站;该飞船计划在空间站对接约6个月,以便乘组人员在紧急情况下撤离。此前不久,联盟TMA-16 飞船脱离对接,将前一批国际空间站乘组人员送回地球。5月14日,美国航天飞机 亚特兰蒂斯号 发射升空,执行其倒数第二次飞行——STS-132 任务,将晨曦号实验舱 送往国际空间站。6月15日,联盟TMA-19 飞船搭载远征24 乘组发射升空。10月8日,联盟TMA-01M 飞船发射升空,这是现代化改造的联盟TMA飞船 的首次飞行,搭载远征25 乘组人员前往国际空间站。最后,在年底,远征26 于12月15日搭乘联盟TMA-20 飞船发射升空。
发射失败
2010年共发生了4起轨道发射失败事故。其中两起影响地球同步卫星运载火箭 (GSLV),一起影响罗老运载火箭 ,另一起影响质子运载火箭 。第一次失败发生在4月15日,当时是GSLV Mk.II型首次发射。火箭的第三级发生故障,导致火箭和GSAT-4卫星无法进入轨道并坠入大海。第二次失败发生在罗老运载火箭的第二次试飞期间,当时火箭搭载着STSAT-2B航天器。火箭在起飞137秒后爆炸。[ 7]
第三次故障发生在12月5日,当时搭载首个Blok DM-03上面级的质子-M运载火箭 未能将三颗格洛纳斯-M卫星 送入轨道。发射前,Blok DM的燃料加注错误,导致火箭太重而无法到达停泊轨道。[ 8] 第四次故障发生在2010年12月25日,当时GSLV Mk.I型在GSAT-5P发射过程中爆炸。由于第一级的液体燃料助推器失控,火箭被发射场安全控制系统下令摧毁。[ 9]
轨道发射
发射时间 (UTC )
运载火箭
火箭编号
发射场
发射服务提供商
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星 )
载荷用户
轨道
功能
再入 时间 (UTC)
结果
附注
January
16 January 16:12
Long March 3C
Xichang LC-2
CNSA
BeiDou-2 G1 (Beidou-3/Compass-G1)
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
28 January 00:18
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 81/24
Khrunichev
Raduga-1M №2 (Globus-1M №12L )
VKS
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
February
3 February 03:45
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-04M / 36P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
1 July 14:40
Successful
ISS flight 36P
8 February 09:14
美国航天飞机 奋进号
Kennedy LC-39A
United Space Alliance
STS-130
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS assembly
22 February 03:22
Successful
Tranquility [ 10]
NASA
Low Earth (ISS)
ISS assembly
在轨
Operational
Cupola
NASA
Low Earth (ISS)
ISS assembly
在轨
Operational
Crewed flight with six astronaut s.
11 February 15:23
Atlas V 401
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
Solar Dynamics Observatory
NASA
Geosynchronous
Heliophysics
在轨
Operational
12 February 00:39
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Intelsat 16
Intelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
March
1 March 21:19
Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced
Baikonur Site 81/24
Khrunichev
Kosmos 2459 (Glonass-M 731 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2460 (Glonass-M 732 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2461 (Glonass-M 735 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
4 March 23:57
Delta IV-M+ (4,2)
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
GOES-P (GOES-15)
NOAA / NASA
Geosynchronous
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
Satellite redesignated EWS-G2 after being transferred to the U.S. Space Force in September 2023.[ 11]
5 March 04:55
Long March 4C
Jiuquan SLS-2
CNSA
Yaogan 9A
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
ELINT
在轨
Operational
Yaogan 9B
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
ELINT
在轨
Operational
Yaogan 9C
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
ELINT
在轨
Operational
First Long March 4 series launch from Jiuquan.
20 March 18:27
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Echostar XIV
Echostar
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
April
2 April 04:04
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-18
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 23
25 September 05:23
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts .
5 April 10:21
美国航天飞机 发现号 [ 12]
Kennedy LC-39A
United Space Alliance
STS-131
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
20 April 13:08:35
Successful
Leonardo MPLM
ASI / NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
Successful
Crewed flight with seven astronauts.
8 April 13:57
Dnepr
Baikonur Site 109/95
ISC Kosmotras
Cryosat-2 [ 13]
ESA
Low Earth
Climatology
在轨
Operational
15 April 10:57
GSLV Mk II
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
GSAT-4 (HealthSat)
ISRO
Intended: Geosynchronous
Communications Navigation
15 April
Launch failure
Maiden flight of GSLV Mk. II, third stage failure.
16 April 15:00[來源請求]
Soyuz-U
Plesetsk Site 16/2
VKS
Kosmos 2462 (Yantar-4K2M №6 /Kobalt-M №6)
VKS
Low Earth
Reconnaissance
21 July
Successful
22 April 23:52[ 14]
Atlas V 501
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
USA-212 (X-37B OTV-1)[ 14]
U.S. Air Force
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
3 December 09:16
Successful
Maiden flight of Atlas V 501 and Boeing X-37B.
24 April 11:19
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
SES-1 (OS-1)
SES World Skies
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
27 April 01:05
Kosmos-3M
Plesetsk Site 132/1
VKS
Kosmos 2463 (Parus )
VKS
Low Earth
Navigation Communications
在轨
Operational
Final flight of Kosmos-3M.
28 April 17:15
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-05M / 37P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
15 November 09:35:39
Successful
ISS flight 37P
May
14 May 18:20
美国航天飞机 亚特兰蒂斯号 [ 12]
Kennedy LC-39A
United Space Alliance
STS-132
NASA
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
26 May 12:48:11
Successful
Rassvet (MRM-1)
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS assembly
在轨
Operational
Crewed flight with six astronauts. Rassvet was launched along with the MLM outfittings that included a spare elbow joint for the European Robotic Arm (ERA) (which was launched with Nauka ) and an ERA-portable workpost used during EVAs, as well as a heat radiator, internal hardware and an experiment airlock for launching CubeSat s to be positioned on the modified passive forward port near the nadir end of the Nauka module.[ 15]
20 May 21:58:22[ 18]
H-IIA 202
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
Akatsuki (Planet-C)
JAXA
Intended: Cytherocentric Actual: Heliocentric , corrected to Cytherocentric
Venus orbiter
在轨
Operational after partial spacecraft failure
IKAROS
JAXA
Heliocentric
Solar sail
在轨
Successful
⚀ Waseda-SAT2
Waseda
Low Earth
Earth observation
15 August[ 19]
Spacecraft failure[ 16] [ 20]
⚀ Hayato (K-Sat)[ 21]
Kagoshima
Low Earth
Earth observation
28 June[ 22] – 14[ 23] July
Partial spacecraft failure
⚀ Negai☆''
Soka
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
26 June[ 24]
Successful
Shin'en (UNITEC-1)[ 25]
UNISEC
Heliocentric
Technology demonstration
在轨
Spacecraft failure[ 16] [ 26]
DCAM-1
JAXA
Heliocentric
Technology demonstration
在轨
Successful
DCAM-2
JAXA
Heliocentric
Technology demonstration
在轨
Successful
Waseda-SAT2 never contacted ground, Hayato affected by communications problems, contact lost with Shin'en on 21 May, unclear if data has been received since.[ 16] DCAM spacecraft deployed from IKAROS and used to observe deployment of the solar sail.[ 17] Akatsuki malfunctioned during Cytherocentric orbit insertion, and failed to enter orbit. It managed to orbit around Venus five years later.
21 May 22:01
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Astra 3B
SES Astra
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
COMSATBw-2
Bundeswehr
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
28 May 03:00
Delta IV -M+ (4,2)
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
USA-213 (GPS IIF SV-1)
U.S. Air Force
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
June
2 June 01:59
Rokot / Briz-KM [ 27]
Plesetsk Site 133/3
Eurockot [ 28]
SERVIS-2
USEF
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
2 June 15:53:04
Long March 3C
Xichang LC-2
CNSA
Compass-G3
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
3 June 22:00:08
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
Badr-5
ARABSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
4 June 18:45[ 31]
Falcon 9 v1.0 [ 32] [ 33] [ 34]
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX [ 35]
DSQU
SpaceX
Low Earth
Boilerplate
27 June 00:50[ 36]
Successful
Maiden flight of Falcon 9.[ 29] [ 30]
10 June 08:01[ 37]
Naro-1
Naro LC-1[ 38]
Khrunichev / KARI
STSAT-2B
KARI
Intended: Low Earth
Technology demonstration
+137 seconds
Launch failure
Exploded during first stage burn.[ 7]
15 June 01:39[ 39]
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CNSA
Shijian 12[ 40]
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
15 June 14:42
Dnepr [ 41]
Dombarovsky Site 13
ISC Kosmotras
Prisma-Mango
SSC
Low Earth (SSO )[ 42]
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Prisma-Tango
SSC
Low Earth (SSO )[ 42]
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Picard
CNES
Low Earth (SSO )[ 42]
Helioseismology
在轨
Operational
BPA-1
Hartron-Arkos
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
BPA-1 intentionally remained attached to upper stage.
15 June 21:35
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-19
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 24
26 November 04:46:53
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts
21 June 02:14
Dnepr
Baikonur Site 109/95
ISC Kosmotras
TanDEM-X
DLR
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
22 June 19:00
Shavit-2
Palmachim
Israel Aerospace Industries
Ofek-9 [ 44]
IAI / Israeli Defense Forces
Low Earth (retrograde )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational[ 45]
Known as Ofek-8 before launch.[ 43]
26 June 21:41
Ariane 5 ECA [ 46]
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
ArabSat-5A
ARABSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
Chollian (COMS-1)
KARI
Geosynchronous [ 47]
Communications Meteorology Oceanography
在轨
Successful[ 48]
30 June 15:35
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-06M / 38P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
6 September 12:53:20
Successful
ISS flight 38P
July
10 July 18:40
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
EchoStar XV
Echostar
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
12 July[ 49] 03:53
PSLV-CA
Satish Dhawan FLP
ISRO
Cartosat-2B
ISRO
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
AlSat-2A
ASAL
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
⚀ StudSat
StudSat
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
AISSat-1
NDRE
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ TIsat-1
SUPSI
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
AISSat and TIsat cubeSat s to be launched as NLS-6, coordinated by UTIAS
31 July 21:30
Long March 3A
Xichang LC-3
CNSA
Compass IGSO-1
CNSA
IGSO
Navigation
在轨
Operational
August
4 August 20:59
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Nilesat-201
Nilesat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
RASCOM-QAF 1R
RASCOM-QAF
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
9 August 22:49[ 50]
Long March 4C
Taiyuan LC-2
CNSA
Yaogan 10
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
14 August 11:07
Atlas V 531
Cape Canaveral SLC-41
United Launch Alliance
USA-214 (AEHF-1 )
U.S. Air Force
Intended: Geosynchronous Actual: GTO
Communications
在轨
Partial spacecraft failure[ 51] Operational
Maiden flight of Atlas V 531; liquid apogee engine failed to operate during orbital insertion process.[ 51]
24 August 07:10
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CNSA
Tian Hui 1
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
September
2 September 00:53:43
Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced
Baikonur Site 81/24
Roscosmos
Kosmos 2464 (Glonass-M 736 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2465 (Glonass-M 737 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2466 (Glonass-M 738 )
VKS
Medium Earth
Navigation
在轨
Operational
4 September 16:14
Long March 3B
Xichang LC-2
CNSA
Chinasat-6A
Sinosat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
8 September 03:30
Rokot / Briz-KM
Plesetsk Site 133/3
RVSN RF
Gonets-M No.2
Gonets Satellite System [ 52]
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2467 (Strela-3 )
VKS
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Kosmos 2468 (Strela-3)
VKS
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
10 September 10:22
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 31/6
Roscosmos
Progress M-07M / 39P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
20 February 2011 16:12
Successful
ISS flight 39P
11 September[ 53] 11:17
H-IIA 202[ 54]
Tanegashima LA-Y1
MHI
QZSS-1 (Michibiki )
JAXA
Tundra
Navigation
在轨
Successful[ 55]
21 September 04:03:30
Atlas V 501
Vandenberg SLC-3E
United Launch Alliance
USA-215
NRO
Low Earth (retrograde )
在轨
Operational
NRO Launch 41
22 September 02:42[ 56]
Long March 2D
Jiuquan SLS-2
CNSA
Yaogan 11
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
Zheda Pixing 1B
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Zheda Pixing 1C
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
26 September 04:41
Minotaur IV
Vandenberg SLC-8
Orbital Sciences
USA-216 (SBSS )
U.S. Air Force
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration Space surveillance
在轨
Operational
First orbital launch of Minotaur IV.
30 September[ 57] 17:01[ 1]
Molniya-M / 2BL
Plesetsk Site 16/2
RVSN RF
Kosmos 2469 (Oko )
VKS
Molniya
Missile defense
15 October 2022[ 58]
Successful
Final flight of Molniya-M.[ 1]
October
1 October 10:59:57[ 59]
Long March 3C
Xichang LC-2
CNSA
Chang'e 2
CNSA
Selenocentric [ 60]
Lunar orbiter
在轨
Operational
6 October 00:49
Long March 4B
Taiyuan LC-2
CNSA
Shijian 6-04A
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Shijian 6-04B
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
7 October 23:10:57
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-01M
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 25
16 March 2011 07:54
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, maiden flight of modernised Soyuz-TMA spacecraft.
14 October 18:53[ 61]
Proton-M / Briz-M
Baikonur Site 81/24
International Launch Services
XM-5
XM Satellite Radio
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
19 October 17:10:59
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat
Baikonur Site 31/6
Starsem
Globalstar-2 #1
Globalstar
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Globalstar-2 #2
Globalstar
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Globalstar-2 #3
Globalstar
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Globalstar-2 #4
Globalstar
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Globalstar-2 #5
Globalstar
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
Globalstar-2 #6
Globalstar
Low Earth
Communications
在轨
Operational
27 October 15:11:53
Soyuz-U
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Progress M-08M / 40P
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
ISS logistics
24 January 2011
Successful[ 62]
ISS flight 40P.
28 October[ 64] 21:51
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Eutelsat W3B
Eutelsat
Intended: Geosynchronous Actual: GTO
Communications
在轨
Spacecraft failure[ 65]
BSAT-3b [ 66]
BSAT
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational[ 67]
Eutelsat W3B written-off as a total loss immediately after launch due to an oxidizer leak in the satellite's main propulsion system.[ 63]
31 October 16:26
Long March 3C
Xichang LC-2
CNSA
Compass-G4
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Navigation
在轨
Operational
November
2 November 00:59[ 68]
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat
Plesetsk Site 43/4
RVSN RF
Meridian 3
VKS
Molniya
Communications
在轨
Operational
4 November 18:37[ 69]
Long March 4C
Taiyuan LC-2
CNSA
Fengyun 3B
CNSA
Low Earth (SSO )
Meteorology
在轨
Operational
6 November 02:20
Delta II 7420-10
Vandenberg SLC-2W
United Launch Alliance
COSMO-4
ASI
Low Earth (SSO )
Earth observation
在轨
Operational
Final flight of Delta II 7420.[ 70]
14 November 17:29
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
SkyTerra-1
SkyTerra
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational[ 71]
20 November 01:25
Minotaur IV / HAPS
Kodiak LP-1
Orbital Sciences
STPSat-2
STP
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ O/OREOS
NASA AMES
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
⚀ RAX
University of Michigan
Low Earth
Auroral
在轨
Operational
FASTSAT
NASA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Partial spacecraft failure
⚀ NanoSail-D2
NASA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
17 September 2011[ 72]
Successful
Sara-Lily (FASTRAC 1)
Texas
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Emma (FASTRAC 2)
UT Austin
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
USA-221 / FalconSat-5
USAFA
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
在轨
Operational
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV/HAPS. NanoSail-D2 should have been deployed from FASTSAT seven days after launch, immediate deployment failed but ejection was confirmed almost two months later on 19 January 2011
21 November 22:58[ 73]
Delta IV Heavy
Cape Canaveral SLC-37B
United Launch Alliance
USA-223 / Orion 7
NRO
Geosynchronous
Reconnaissance
在轨
Operational
NROL-32 mission.
24 November 16:09[ 74]
Long March 3A
Xichang LC-3
CNSA
Chinasat 20A
CNSA
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
26 November 18:39
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Intelsat 17
Intelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
HYLAS-1 [ 75]
Avanti [ 76]
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
40th consecutive Ariane 5 launch success.
December
5 December 10:25
Proton-M / DM-03 Enhanced
Baikonur Site 81/24
Roscosmos
Glonass-M 739
VKS
Intended: Medium Earth
Navigation
5 December
Launch failure
Glonass-M 740
VKS
Intended: Medium Earth
Navigation
Glonass-M 741
VKS
Intended: Medium Earth
Navigation
Maiden flight of Blok DM-03. Incorrect fuelling of upper stage led to mass being too great to achieve parking orbit, reentered over the Pacific Ocean.[ 8]
8 December 15:43
Falcon 9 v1.0
Cape Canaveral SLC-40
SpaceX
Dragon C1
SpaceX / NASA
Low Earth
Flight test
8 December 19:02
Successful
⚀ SMDC-ONE 1
U.S. Army
Low Earth
Communications
12 January 2011
Successful
⚀ Mayflower-Caerus
Northrop Grumman / USC
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
22 December
Successful
⚀ QbX-1
NRO
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
6 January 2011
Successful
⚀ QbX-2
NRO
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
16 January 2011
Successful
⚀ Perseus 000
LANL
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
30 December
Successful
⚀ Perseus 001
LANL
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
31 December
Successful
⚀ Perseus 002
LANL
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
30 December
Successful
⚀ Perseus 003
LANL
Low Earth
Technology demonstration
31 December
Successful
COTS Demo 1; maiden flight of the SpaceX Dragon ; Mayflower included Caerus payload operated by USC.
15 December 19:09[ 77]
Soyuz-FG
Baikonur Site 1/5
Roscosmos
Soyuz TMA-20
Roscosmos
Low Earth (ISS )
Expedition 26
24 May 2011 02:27
Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
17 December 20:04
Long March 3A
Xichang LC-3
CNSA
Compass IGSO-2
CNSA
IGSO
Navigation
在轨
Operational
25 December 10:34
GSLV Mk.I
Satish Dhawan SLP
ISRO
GSAT-5P
ISRO
Intended: Geosynchronous
Communications
25 December
Launch failure
Disintegrated during first stage flight.
26 December 22:51
Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced
Baikonur Site 200/39
International Launch Services
KA-SAT
Eutelsat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
29 December 21:27
Ariane 5 ECA
Kourou ELA-3
Arianespace
Hispasat-1E
Hispasat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
Koreasat 6 [ 78] [ 79]
Koreasat
Geosynchronous
Communications
在轨
Operational
亚轨道发射
发射时间 (UTC )
运载火箭
火箭编号
发射场
发射服务提供商
有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星 )
载荷用户
轨道
功能
再入 时间 (UTC)
结果
附注
10 January 23:00:00[ 80]
Black Brant IX
San Nicolas
NASA
MARTI
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Target
10 January
Successful
11 January 11:55[ 81]
CSS-X-11
Shuangchengzi Space and Missile Center
PLA
PLA
Suborbital
ABM target
11 January
Successful
Target
11 January 12:00
SC-19
Korla Missile Test Complex
PLA
PLA
Suborbital
ABM test
11 January
Successful[ 82]
Interceptor
14 January 06:50[ 84]
RH-300 Mk.II
TERLS
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
14 January
Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[ 83]
14 January 07:35[ 84]
RH-300 Mk. II
TERLS
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
14 January
Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[ 83]
14 January[ 84] 07:45
RH-560 Mk.II
Satish Dhawan
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
14 January
Successful
Apogee: 548 km(341 mi)[ 83]
15 January 06:50[ 84]
RH-300 Mk. II
TERLS
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
15 January
Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[ 83]
15 January 07:35[ 84]
RH-300 Mk. II
TERLS
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
15 January
Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[ 83]
15 January 10:30[ 84]
RH-300 Mk. II
TERLS
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
15 January
Successful
Apogee: 116 km(72 mi)[ 83]
15 January[ 84] 07:45
RH-560 Mk. II
Satish Dhawan
ISRO
ISRO
Suborbital
Solar/Aeronomy
15 January
Successful
Apogee: 523 km(325 mi)[ 83]
27 January 08:25[ 81]
M51
Le Terrible , Audierne Bay
DGA
DGA
Suborbital
Missile test
27 January
Successful
First launch of M51 from a submarine [ 85]
31 January 11:40[ 86]
UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2)
FTG-06
Meck
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
30 January
Successful[ 86]
Maiden flight of Trident I in LV-2 configuration, interceptor failed[ 86]
31 January
Ground Based Interceptor
FTG-06
Vandenberg LF-23
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM test
30 January
Spacecraft failure[ 86]
Radar tracking problem caused by unexpected "chuffing", compounded by thruster problem on interceptor, resulted in failure to intercept Trident[ 86]
3 February
Kavoshgar (Naze'at -based)
Semnan Space Center
ISA
Kavoshgar-3
ISA
Suborbital
Biological
3 February
Successful[ 87]
4 February 08:03:07
Black Brant IX
San Nicolas
NASA
MARTI
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Target
4 February
Successful[ 80]
7 February 05:20
Agni-III
ITR IC-4
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
7 February
Successful[ 88]
Travelled 3,500 km(2,175 mi) downrange
9 February 09:01:00
Terrier-Orion
Poker Flat
NASA
Alaska
Suborbital
Auroral
9 February
Successful[ 80]
12 February 04:44[ 89]
R-17 Elbrus
Ship, Pacific Ocean
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Target
12 February
Successful[ 89]
Destroyed by Boeing YAL-1 aircraft
12 February 05:31:20
Black Brant IX
San Nicolas
NASA
MARTI
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Target
12 February
Successful[ 80]
15 February 09:49:11
Black Brant XII
Poker Flat
NASA
Dartmouth
Suborbital
Auroral
15 February
Successful[ 80]
Apogee: 803 km(499 mi)[ 83]
17 February
Juno
Fort Wingate LC-96
US Army
US Army
Suborbital
Target
17 February
Successful
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successful intercept
4 March 04:50
R-29RMU Sineva
K-114 Tula , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
4 March
Successful
15 March
Prithvi
ITR IC-4
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Target
15 March
Launch failure
Target for ABM test, deviated from planned course, interceptor not launched[ 90]
22 March
Terrier Mk.70-Orion
Woomera LA-2
DSTO /U.S. Air Force
HIFiRE -1
DSTO/U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
22 March
Successful
Hypersonic research experiment
26 March 13:43
/ Maxus
Esrange
EuroLaunch
MAXUS-8
SSC / ESA
Suborbital
Microgravity
26 March 13:55
Successful[ 91]
Apogee: 700 km(435 mi)[ 83]
27 March 00:14[ 83]
Dhanush [ 92]
INS Subhadra Indian Ocean
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
27 March
Successful
27 March 00:18[ 83]
Prithvi II [ 92]
Integrated Test Range IC-3
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
27 March
Successful
27 March 14:09:56[ 93]
Terrier-Improved Malemute
Wallops Island LA-1/50K
NASA
NASA
Suborbital
Test flight
27 March
Successful
SOCEM
CalPoly
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
27 March
Successful
ADAMASat
Kentucky Space
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
27 March
Successful
Maiden flight of Terrier-Improved Malemute, apogee: 270 km(168 mi)[ 83]
27 March 19:37[ 83]
Agni I [ 94]
Integrated Test Range IC-4
Indian Army
Indian Army
Suborbital
Missile test
28 March
Successful
22 April 23:00[ 14]
Minotaur IV Lite
Vandenberg SLC-8
Orbital Sciences
HTV-2a
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
22 April
Spacecraft failure[ 95]
Maiden flight of Minotaur IV, loss of contact with HTV nine minutes after launch.[ 95]
3 May 09:47:00
Black Brant IX
San Nicolas
NASA
MARTI
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Target
3 May
Successful
3 May 18:32:00
Black Brant IX[ 97]
White Sands
NASA
EVE
CU Boulder
Suborbital
Geospace/Solar
3 May
Successful
Used to calibrate the Solar Dynamics Observatory[ 96]
4 May 12:41:02[ 99]
SpaceLoft XL
Spaceport America
UP Aerospace
RocketSat
CSG
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
4 May
Successful
NMSU
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
Successful
UNM
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
Successful
Pioneer
Celestis
Suborbital
Space burial
Successful
Reached an apogee of 113 km(70 mi), successfully recovered.[ 98]
6 May 03:50[ 100] [ 101]
Taiwan Sounding Rocket
Sounding Rocket VII
Jiu Peng Air Base
NSPO
Ion probe
NSPO/NCU
Suborbital
Ionospheric research
6 May
Successful
Apogee: 289 km(180 mi)[ 100]
8 May
Ghaznavi
Sonmiani
ASFC
ASFC
Suborbital
Missile test
8 May
Successful
8 May
Shaheen-I
Sonmiani
ASFC
ASFC
Suborbital
Missile test
8 May
Successful
17 May 11:29
Agni-II
ITR IC-3
Indian Army
Indian Army
Suborbital
Missile test
17 May
Successful
Travelled 2,500 km(1,553 mi) downrange
21 May 09:00:00
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
DICE
CU Boulder
Suborbital
Astronomy
21 May
Spacecraft failure[ 80]
6 June 22:25[ 83]
Ground Based Interceptor
Vandenberg LF-24
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
Test flight
6 June
Successful
Two stage test vehicle, non-intercept test
8 June
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6) , ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Test flight
8 June
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42
8 June
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6) , ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Test flight
8 June
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 42
9 June
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6) , ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Test flight
9 June
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43
9 June
UGM-133 Trident II D5
“Maryland”号SSBN-738 (6) , ETR
US Navy
US Navy
Suborbital
Test flight
9 June
Successful
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 43
16 June 10:01
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-10
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Missile test
16 June
Successful
Travelled 6,743 km(4,190 mi) to Kwajalein Atoll
24 June 11:17:00
Terrier-Orion
Wallops Island LA-2/MRL
NASA
RockOn!
Colorado
Suborbital
Student research
24 June
Successful
30 June 10:40:01[ 83]
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-04
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Missile test
30 June
Successful
10 July 11:32[ 102]
M51
Le Terrible , Audierne Bay
DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationale
Suborbital
Test flight
10 July
Successful
11 July
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
CIBER
Caltech [ 103]
Suborbital
Astronomy
11 July
Successful
27 July
Prithvi
ITR IC-4
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Target
27 July
Successful
Target for ABM test, intercepted successfully by AAD
30 July 18:18
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
SUMI
NASA
Suborbital
Solar
30 July
Successful
4 August 09:15
Black Brant X
Wallops Island LA-1/50K
NASA
NASA
Suborbital
Test flight Technology
4 August
Successful
Tests of Nihka rocket motor, with secondary technology experiments
6 August[ 104]
R-29RMU Sineva
K-114 Tula , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
6 August
Successful
6 August[ 104]
R-29RMU Sineva
K-114 Tula , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
6 August
Successful
23 August 17:57
Black Brant IX
White Sands
NASA
RAISE
SwRI
Suborbital
Solar
23 August
Successful
30 August 20:00[ 106]
S-520
Uchinoura
JAXA
JAXA/TMU /Kagawa /Shizuoka
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
30 August
Partial spacecraft failure[ 105]
High-voltage control experiments not conducted as planned[ 105]
17 September 10:03
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Vandenberg LF-09
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Test flight
17 September
Successful
21 September 13:07:30[ 107]
Terrier-Orion
Wallops Island LA-2/MRL
NASA
SubTec-III
NASA
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
21 September 13:23[ 107]
Successful[ 107]
6 October
ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole )?
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
Aegis radar target
6 October
Successful
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites
6 October
ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole )?
Kauai
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
Aegis radar target
6 October
Successful
Aegis radar target, detected by STSS-Satellites
7 October[來源請求] 03:10
RSM-56 Bulava
TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi , White Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
7 October
Successful
21 October[ 108] 17:00
Black Brant IX
San Nicolas
NASA
U.S. Air Force
Suborbital
Target
21 October
Successful
27 October 10:15[ 109]
Nike Orion
Esrange
EuroLaunch
MAPHEUS-2
DLR
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
27 October
Successful
Apogee: 153 km(95 mi)
28 October[來源請求] 09:59
RS-12M Topol
Plesetsk
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
28 October
Successful
28 October 10:30[來源請求]
R-29RMU Sineva
K-117 Bryansk , Barents Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
28 October
Successful
28 October 10:30[來源請求]
R-29R Volna
K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets , Sea of Okhotsk
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
28 October
Successful
29 October[來源請求] 01:10
RSM-56 Bulava
TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi , White Sea
VMF
VMF
Suborbital
Missile test
29 October
Successful
29 October 03:06
JFTM-4
Kauai
MDA
JMSDF /MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
29 October
Successful
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted by SM-3
29 October 03:09
RIM-161 SM-3
JFTM-4
JDS Kirishima , Pacific Ocean
JMSDF
JMSDF
Suborbital
ABM test
29 October
Successful
Apogee: 161 km(100 mi), intercepted target
25 November 04:40
Agni I
Integrated Test Range IC-4
Indian Army
Indian Army
Suborbital
Missile test
25 November
Successful
4 December 04:21[ 110]
Nike-Improved Orion
Andøya
Andøya
ECOMA 2010-1
Andøya/DLR
Suborbital
Aeronomy
4 December
Successful
5 December 19:11
RS-12M Topol
Kapustin Yar
RVSN
RVSN
Suborbital
Missile test
5 December
Successful
6 December 16:45
Terrier-Orion
White Sands
NASA
TRaiNED
NASA
Suborbital
Technology demonstration
6 December
Successful
6 December 17:19
Improved Orion
Alcântara
AEB
Maracati 2
INPE
Suborbital
Microgravity
6 December
Successful
Test for Operation Maracati 2[ 111]
10 December
Agni-II Plus
ITR IC-3
Indian Army
Indian Army
Suborbital
Missile test
10 December
Launch failure
Upgraded Agni II version, fell into the sea shortly after launch
12 December 06:38[ 112]
Black Brant XII
Andøya
NASA
RENU 1
New Hampshire
Suborbital
Geospace
12 December
Launch failure[ 113]
12 December 12:35
VSB-30
Alcântara
AEB
Maracati 2
INPE
Suborbital
Microgravity
12 December 12:51
Successful
Operation Maracati 2, MICROG 1A payload[ 114]
13 December 03:24
Nike-Improved Orion
Andøya
Andøya
ECOMA 2010-2
Andøya/DLR
Suborbital
Aeronomy
13 December
Successful
15 December
UGM-96 Trident I C4 (LV-2)
FTG-06a
Meck
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM target
15 December
Successful
15 December
Ground Based Interceptor
FTG-06a
Vandenberg LF-23
MDA
MDA
Suborbital
ABM test
15 December
Spacecraft failure
Interceptor failed, the cause is under investigation
19 December 02:36
Nike-Improved Orion
Andøya
Andøya
ECOMA 2010-3
Andøya/DLR
Suborbital
Aeronomy
19 December
Successful
21 December
Ghauri
Tilla
Army of Pakistan
Haft-5
Army of Pakistan
Suborbital
Missile test
21 December
Successful
Apogee: 100 km(62 mi)
22 December
Prithvi II [ 92]
Integrated Test Range IC-3
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
22 December
Successful
22 December
Prithvi II [ 92]
Integrated Test Range IC-3
DRDO
DRDO
Suborbital
Missile test
22 December
Successful
深空机动
日期 (UTC )
航天器
事件
备注
12 January
Cassini
65th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,073 km(667 mi)
28 January
Cassini
66th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 7,490 km(4,654 mi)
31 January
Artemis P1
Lunar flyby
Closest approach: 11,992 km(7,451 mi) at 08:13 UTC[ 115]
1 February
Artemis P2
Lunar flyby
Closest approach: 69,222 km(43,013 mi) at 14:44 UTC[ 115]
13 February
Artemis P1
Lunar flyby
Closest approach: 2,958 km(1,838 mi) at 10:06 UTC[ 115]
13 February
Cassini
Flyby of Mimas
Closest approach: 9,520 km(5,915 mi)
16 February
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 991 km(616 mi)
22 February
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 574 km(357 mi)
25 February
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 398 km(247 mi)
28 February
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 226 km(140 mi)
1 March
Artemis P2
Lunar flyby
Closest approach: 68,036 km(42,276 mi) at 04:11 UTC[ 115]
2 March
Cassini
2nd flyby of Rhea
Closest approach: 100 km(62 mi)
3 March
Cassini
Flyby of Helene
Closest approach: 1,803 km(1,120 mi)
3 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 67 km(42 mi)
7 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 107 km(66 mi)
10 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 286 km(178 mi)
13 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 476 km(296 mi)
16 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 662 km(411 mi)
19 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 848 km(527 mi)
23 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 1,341 km(833 mi)
26 March
Mars Express
Flyby of Phobos
Closest approach: 1,304 km(810 mi)
28 March
Artemis P2
Lunar flyby
Closest approach: 9,366 km(5,820 mi) at 07:34 UTC[ 115]
5 April
Cassini
67th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 7,462 km(4,637 mi)
7 April
Cassini
2nd flyby of Dione
Closest approach: 504 km(313 mi)
28 April
Cassini
9th flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 103 km(64 mi)
18 May
Cassini
10th flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 201 km(125 mi)
20 May
Cassini
68th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,400 km(870 mi)
5 June
Cassini
69th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 2,044 km(1,270 mi)
13 June
Hayabusa
First sample return mission from asteroid
Sample canister successful recovered to Earth
21 June
Cassini
70th flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 955 km(593 mi)
7 July
Cassini
71st flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 1,005 km(624 mi)
10 July
Rosetta
Flyby of 21 Lutetia
Closest approach: 3,100 km(1,926 mi)[ 116]
13 August
Cassini
11th flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 2,554 km(1,587 mi)
25 August
Artemis P1
LL2 orbit insertion
24 September
Cassini
72nd flyby of Titan
Closest approach: 8,175 km(5,080 mi)
6 October
Chang'e 2
Lunar orbit insertion
16 October
Cassini
Flyby of Pallene
Closest approach: 36,000 km(22,369 mi)
22 October
Artemis P2
LL1 orbit insertion
4 November
Deep Impact
Flyby of Hartley 2
Closest approach: 700 km(435 mi)[ 117]
11 November
Cassini
73rd flyby of Titan
30 November
Cassini
12th flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 47.9 km(30 mi)
7 December
Akatsuki
1st flyby of Venus
Cytherocentric orbit insertion failure Closest approach: 550 km(342 mi)
8 December
IKAROS
Flyby of Venus
Closest approach: 80,800 km(50,207 mi)
21 December
Cassini
13th flyby of Enceladus
Closest approach: 50 km(31 mi)
December
Shin'en
Flyby of Venus
not confirmed.
卡西尼号在上半年对土卫四 、土卫二 、土卫一 、土卫五 、土卫三 和土卫六 进行远距离、非目标飞掠。
舱外活动
开始时间
持续时间
结束时间
航天器
乘组
工作内容
备注
14 January 10:05
5 hours44 minutes
15:49
Expedition 22 ISS Pirs
Oleg Kotov Maksim Surayev
Prepared the Poisk module for future dockings.[ 118] [ 119]
12 February 02:17
6 hours 32 minutes
08:49
STS-130 ISS Quest
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick
Removed a protective cover on a port on the Unity node where Tranquility was berthed halfway through the spacewalk. The pair then transferred a spare parts platform for the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator from the shuttle to the station. Once that task is completed Behnken and Patrick made several connections on the newly installed Tranquility node to begin its activation.[ 120] [ 121]
14 February 02:20
5 hours 54 minutes
08:14
STS-130 ISS Quest
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick
Installed ammonia plumbing and connectors between Unity , Destiny and Tranquility and covered them with thermal insulation. Prepared the nadir port on Tranquility for the relocation of the Cupola, and installed handrails on the exterior of Tranquility .[ 122] [ 123]
17 February 02:15
5 hours 48 minutes
08:03
STS-130 ISS Quest
Robert L. Behnken Nicholas Patrick
Installed additional ammonia plumbing between Unity and Tranquility , removed insulation and launch locks from the Cupola, installed additional handrails on the exterior of Tranquility and performed get-ahead tasks to support the installation of a Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) on the exterior of Zarya with cable installation on Unity and the S0 truss.[ 124] [ 125]
9 April 05:31
6 hours 27 minutes
11:58
STS-131 ISS Quest
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson
Relocated new an ammonia tank from the Shuttle's payload bay to a temporary stowage location and disconnected the fluid lines to the old ammonia tank on the S1 truss. Retrieved a Japanese seed experiment from the exterior of the Kibo laboratory for return to earth and replaced a failed gyroscope on the S0 truss. Performed get-ahead tasks including the opening of a window flap on the zenith CBM of Harmony , and removed launch restraint bolts from a Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC) on the P1 truss.[ 126] [ 127]
11 April 05:30
7 hours 26 minutes
12:56
STS-131 ISS Quest
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson
The old ammonia tank was removed from the S1 truss and was replaced with the new tank. The electrical connections to the tank were made, but the fluid lines were deferred to the mission's third EVA due to time constraints since the installation was prolonged by a problem with the bolts that hold the tank to the truss. The old tank was relocated to a temporary stowage location on the station and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future shuttle mission's spacewalk.[ 128] [ 129]
13 April 06:14
6 hours 24 minutes
12:36
STS-131 ISS Quest
Richard Mastracchio Clayton Anderson
The fluid lines were connected to the new ammonia tank and the old tank was moved to the shuttle's payload bay for return to Earth. Micro-meteoroid debris shields from the Quest airlock which were no longer necessary were brought inside the airlock for return to Earth inside the Leonardo MPLM . The Z1 truss was prepared for the installation of a spare antenna on the next shuttle mission, and a foot restraint was relocated in preparation for a future spacewalk. The retrieval of an external carrier plate on Columbus was deferred to another shuttle mission due to time constraints after problems were encountered with attaching the old ammonia tank to a carrier in the payload bay, and several other tasks were deferred to later EVAs due to the replanning from the problems with the mission's second EVA.[ 130] [ 131]
17 May 11:54
7 hours 25 minutes
19:19
STS-132 ISS Quest
Garrett Reisman Stephen G. Bowen
Installed a spare space-to-ground Ku-band antenna on the Z1 truss ; installed new tool platform on Dextre , and broke torque on bolts holding replacement batteries to the ICC-VLD cargo carrier.[ 132] [ 133]
19 May 10:38
7 hours 9 minutes
17:47
STS-132 ISS Quest
Stephen G. Bowen Michael T. Good
Repaired Atlantis ' Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS); P6 battery replacement (4 of 6 units); and removed gimbal locks from the Ku-band antenna installed on the first EVA of the mission.[ 134] [ 135]
21 May 10:27
6 hours 46 minutes
17:13
STS-132 ISS Quest
Michael T. Good Garrett Reisman
P6 battery replacement (final 2 of 6 units); installed ammonia "jumpers" at the P4/P5 interface; retrieved a spare PDGF from Atlantis ' payload bay and stowed it inside the Quest airlock. The spacewalkers also replenished supplies of EVA tools in toolboxes on the exterior of the station.[ 136] [ 137]
27 July 04:11
6 hours 42 minutes
10:53
Expedition 24 ISS Pirs
Fyodor Yurchikhin Mikhail Korniyenko
Replaced an ATV video camera on Zvezda , routed command and data handling lines from Zvezda and Zarya to the new Rassvet module as well as made KURS connections between Rassvet and Zarya to allow future automated dockings to the new module. Then the two cosmonauts jettisoned the old ATV video camera.[ 138] [ 139]
7 August 11:19
8 hours 3 minutes
19:22
Expedition 24 ISS Quest
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Attempted to replace failed S1 ammonia pump module. The spacewalkers did not complete all of the planned tasks due to a quick disconnect that got stuck and would not release. The pair had to complete a "bake-out" in order to ensure there was no ammonia on their suits before re-entering the Space Station.[ 140] [ 141]
11 August 12:27
7 hours 26 minutes
19:53
Expedition 24 ISS Quest
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Completed removal of failed pump module from the S1 truss and began installation preparations on the replacement pump.[ 142] [ 143]
16 August 10:20
7 hours 20 minutes
17:40
Expedition 24 ISS Quest
Douglas H. Wheelock Tracy Caldwell Dyson
Installed new pump module on the S1 truss.[ 144] [ 145]
15 November 14:55
6 hours 27 minutes
21:22
Expedition 25 ISS Pirs
Fyodor Yurchikhin Oleg Skripochka
Install a multipurpose workstation on Zvezda, retrieve camera, retrieve kontur, install new materials experiment, collect samples below insulation.[ 146] [ 147]
轨道发射统计
按国家(区域)
就本章节的主旨而言,每次航天飞行所属的国家以火箭的原产国为准,而不是发射服务提供商或发射场所在国。例如,第聂伯运载火箭 虽然从俄罗斯发射,但被计入乌克兰。
中国: 15
欧洲: 6
印度: 3
以色列: 1
日本: 2
韩国: 1
俄罗斯: 28
乌克兰: 3
美国: 15
国家(区域)
发射数
成功数
失败数
部分 失败数
备注
中国
15
15
0
0
歐洲
6
6
0
0
印度
3
1
2
0
以色列
1
1
0
0
日本
2
2
0
0
韩国
1
0
1
0
俄罗斯提供技术支持
俄羅斯
28
27
1
0
烏克蘭
3
3
0
0
从俄罗斯发射
美国
15
15
0
0
总计
74
70
4
0
按火箭
By family
By type
By configuration
按发射场
China
France
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
South Korea
Russia
United States
按轨道
Transatmospheric
Low Earth
Low Earth (ISS)
Low Earth (SSO)
Low Earth (retrograde)
Medium Earth
Geosychronous (transfer)
Inclined GSO
High Earth
Heliocentric
参考
中国国家航天局
中国探月网
Encyclopedia Astronautica
Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
日本宇宙航空研究開發機構
Jonathan's Space Report (SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
NASA
NASA SpaceFlight.com
Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
Space Calander (NASA JPL)
Southwest Space Archive
SPACE.com Launch Forecast
SpaceFlightNow
Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
U.S. Space Objects Registry
脚注
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^ Bergin, Chris. JAXA H-IIA carrying AKATSUKI and IKAROS launches at second attempt . NASASpaceflight.com. 20 May 2010 [13 July 2010] . (原始内容存档 于21 July 2010).
^ Moskowitz, Clara. Japanese Asteroid Probe Makes Historic Return to Earth . Space.com. 13 June 2010 [13 July 2010] . (原始内容存档 于17 June 2010).
^ Amos, Jonathan. Japan probe collected particles from Itokawa asteroid . BBC News (BBC). 16 November 2010 [17 November 2010] . (原始内容存档 于16 November 2010).
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^ 7.0 7.1 South Korea rocket 'explodes' moments after take-off . BBC News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010] . (原始内容存档 于10 June 2010).
^ 8.0 8.1 Clark, Stephen. Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December . Spaceflight Now. 10 December 2010 [29 December 2010] . (原始内容存档 于8 January 2011).
^ Rocket failed after 45 seconds, says ISRO . Hindustan Times. 25 December 2010 [25 December 2010] . (原始内容 存档于26 December 2010).
^ NASA's Shuttle and Rocket Missions . NASA. [5 August 2008] . (原始内容存档 于13 September 2008).
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^ ESA's ice mission / CryoSat-2 . Esa.int. 2010-04-08 [2015-09-10 ] .
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^ Многоцелевой лабораторный модуль "Наука" . roscosmos.ru. [2021-07-14 ] . (原始内容存档 于14 July 2021).
^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 小林行雄. 「第3回 相乗り小型副衛星ワークショップ」を開催 %7C エンタープライズ . Mainichi Communications. 2 August 2010 [3 August 2010] . (原始内容 存档于22 October 2010) (日语) .
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^ Expectation of Space-Track as of 24 June [1] .
^ 宮下研究室 小型人工衛星班 最新情報 . 21 May 2010 [21 May 2010] (日语) .
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^ j小型衛星「ハヤト」、大気圏に突入して消滅へ [The re-entry into micro-satellite "Hayato", to the disappearance] . YOMIURI ONLINE. 8 July 2010 [15 July 2010] . (原始内容 存档于11 July 2010) (日语) .
^ Negai☆"地上局/創価大学黒木研究室 . 24 June 2010 [26 June 2010] . (原始内容 存档于24 May 2010) (日语) .
^ UNITEC-1 News . UNISEC. 21 May 2010 [22 June 2010] . (原始内容存档 于19 June 2010).
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^ SERVIS-2 to be launched on Rockot . EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始内容 存档于22 August 2009).
^ SERVIS-2 . EUROCKOT Launch Services GmbH. (原始内容 存档于26 August 2009).
^ Air Force: SpaceX's Falcon 9 first launch planned for Nov 29 . Orlando Sentinel. 22 September 2009. (原始内容 存档于21 March 2010).
^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration . Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [4 May 2010] . (原始内容 存档于16 October 2011).
^ Detailed Mission Data – Falcon-9 ELV First Flight Demonstration . Mission Set Database. NASA GSFC. [20 May 2010] . (原始内容 存档于16 October 2011).
^ 90 Day Range Forecast (PDF) . USAF 45th Space Wing. 22 September 2009. [永久失效連結 ]
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^ S. Korea's Naro-1 rocket lifts off from space center . Yonhap News. 10 June 2010 [10 June 2010] .
^ sung, s. First-Stage Engine of Naro-1 to Arrive on Weekend . Arirang. 2 March 2010 [2 March 2010] . (原始内容 存档于23 February 2012).
^ 我国成功发射"实践十二号卫星" . Xinhua. 15 June 2010 [15 June 2010] . (原始内容 存档于18 June 2010) (中文) .
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^ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Gill, E. PRISMA . DLR. [27 September 2008] . (原始内容 存档于27 July 2007).
^ Opall-Rome, Barbara. Ofeq-8 Nearing Launch, Ofeq-9 Stalled . spacenews.com. 13 November 2009 [24 November 2009] . (原始内容 存档于11 September 2012).
^ בקרוב: ישראל תפעיל לוויין שישי בחלל . NRG. 31 January 2010 [4 February 2010] (希伯来语) .
^ Israel Launches Ofeq-9 Satellite . Defencenews. 22 June 2010. (原始内容 存档于7 September 2012).
^ Arianespace: next Ariane 5 launch scheduled for Wednesday, June 23 . Arianespace. 27 May 2010.
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^ After two setbacks, Isro set to launch five satellites on 12 July . K. Raghu. Livemint. 1 July 2010 [1 July 2010] . (原始内容存档 于4 July 2010).
^ Barbosa, Rui C. China launches military satellite YaoGan Weixing-10 . NASASpaceFlight.com. 9 August 2010 [10 August 2010] . (原始内容存档 于19 August 2010).
^ 51.0 51.1 Ray, Justin. Military satellite relying on backup plan to save itself . Spaceflight Now. 30 August 2010 [31 August 2010] . (原始内容存档 于2 September 2010).
^ Leosat system "Gonets" . [27 September 2008] . (原始内容 存档于10 May 2008).
^ New Launch Day of the First Quasi-Zenith Satellite 'MICHIBIKI' by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 18 . MHI / JAXA. 4 August 2010 [4 August 2010] . (原始内容存档 于6 August 2010).
^ H-IIAロケット18号機による準天頂衛星初号機「みちびき」の打ち上げ計画概要 (PDF) . 7 April 2010 [15 May 2010] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于15 April 2010) (日语) .
^ Suspension of QZS-1 all operations . Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. 15 September 2023 [16 September 2023] .
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^ COSMOS 2469 . N2YO.com. 15 October 2022 [17 October 2022] .
^ 嫦娥奔月:"嫦娥二号"18:59:57成功发射 [Su 1 a fall by the csc] . CCTV-4 . 1 October 2010 [31 October 2010] (中文) .
^ China's second lunar probe enters moon's orbit: state media . Space Daily. 2010-10-09 [2015-09-10 ] .
^ MEDIA ADVISORY: ILS PROTON TO LAUNCH XM-5 . International Launch Services. 8 October 2010 [13 October 2010] . (原始内容存档 于31 October 2010).
^ Russia's Spaceship Debris Slump into Pacific Ocean . Space-travel.com. 2011-01-25 [2015-09-10 ] .
^ Peter B. de Selding. Eutelsat W3B Declared Total Loss; Plans Under Way To Deorbit Craft . SpaceNews. 2010-10-29 [2015-09-10 ] .
^ Arianespace – Launch program activity . (原始内容 存档于9 February 2014).
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^ Arianespace - Press Release - Arianespace to launch the BSAT-3b satellite for Japan . [2010-12-05 ] . (原始内容 存档于12 December 2010). . Arianespace.com. April 2008.
^ Lockheed Martin-Built BSAT-3b Satellite Begins Service for Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation of Japan (新闻稿). Lockheed Martin . 8 December 2010 [9 December 2010] . (原始内容 存档于20 October 2011).
^ Ракета-носитель "Союз-2.1а" успешно стартовала с космодрома Плесецк | РИА Новости . Rian.ru. 2010-11-02 [2015-09-10 ] (俄语) .
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^ 70.0 70.1 William Graham. Delta II finally launches with COSMO-4 . NASASpaceFlight.com. 2010-11-05 [2015-09-10 ] .
^ ILS Proton Successfully Launches LightSquared Satellite (新闻稿). International Launch Services. 14 November 2010. (原始内容 存档于16 November 2010).
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^ HYLAS 1 . Space.skyrocket.de. [2015-09-10 ] .
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^ French submarine test-fires M51 missile for first time . People's Daily Online. 27 January 2010 [25 August 2010] .
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^ 89.0 89.1 Airborne Laser Test Bed Successful in Lethal Intercept Experiment . United States Missile Defense Agency. 12 February 2010 [26 August 2010] . (原始内容 存档于15 February 2010).
^ India's missile shield test fails: officials . Missile Defense. Space Daily. 15 March 2010 [17 April 2010] .
^ High ride with Maxus-8 . ESA. 2010-03-26 [26 March 2010] . (原始内容存档 于28 March 2010).
^ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE. 2 Short-Range Missiles Pass Test: India . archive.defensenews.com. 2010-03-27. [失效連結 ]
^ Rocket Launched Carrying Student Spacecrafts [sic] . NASA Wallops Flight Facility. 27 March 2010 [27 March 2010] . (原始内容存档 于24 March 2010).
^ Agni-1 short range ballistic missile successfully test-fired . The Times of India. 28 March 2010.
^ 95.0 95.1 Clark, Stephen. New Minotaur rocket launches on suborbital flight . Spaceflight Now. 23 April 2010 [24 April 2010] . (原始内容存档 于25 April 2010).
^ 36.258 UE WOODS/UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO . Sounding Rockets Program Office. NASA. 3 May 2010 [5 May 2010] . (原始内容存档 于27 May 2010).
^ [失效連結 ] SR-WS BLACK BRANT IX 36.258 . Wallops Web Calendar. NASA. [5 May 2010] . [永久失效連結 ]
^ Spaceport Launch . KWRG News. 4 May 2010 [5 May 2010] . (原始内容存档 于7 May 2010).
^ Spaceloft XL SSR Demo Detailed Mission Information . Mission Set Database. NASA/Honeywell TSI. [5 May 2010] . [失效連結 ]
^ 100.0 100.1 Sounding Rocket 7 launched for space science advancement . NARL. [27 May 2010] . (原始内容 存档于3 October 2011).
^ Chern, Jeng-Shing; Wu, Bill; Chen, Yen-Sen; Wu, An-Ming. Suborbital and low-thermospheric experiments using sounding rockets in Taiwan. Acta Astronautica. 2012, 70 : 159–164. ISSN 0094-5765 . doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.030 .
^ Le Terrible apte au lancement du M51 en conditions opérationnelles . Armees.com. 11 July 2010 [13 July 2010] . (原始内容 存档于19 July 2010).
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^ 105.0 105.1 S-520-25 successfully launched . S-310/S-520/SS-520. JAXA. 31 August 2010 [6 September 2010] . (原始内容存档 于12 January 2013).
^ 観測ロケットS-520-25号機 打上げ終了 . 31 August 2010 [31 August 2010] (日语) .
^ 107.0 107.1 107.2 Launch Status . NASA. 21 September 2010 [21 September 2010] . (原始内容 存档于2 October 2010).
^ Airborne Laser Test Bed Exercise Conducted . U.S. Department of Defense Missile Defense Agency. 2010-10-21 [2015-09-10 ] . (原始内容 存档于24 October 2010).
^ DLR Portal - Raumfahrt . Dlr.de. (原始内容 存档于8 October 2012).
^ Sounding Rocket Campaigns « ECOMA . Rocketrange.no. 2010-12-19 [2015-09-10 ] . (原始内容 存档于5 March 2012).
^ Sucesso na Operação Maracati II [Success in Operation Maracati II] . (原始内容 存档于2012-09-09).
^ Sounding Rocket Campaigns « RENU . Rocketrange.no. 2010-12-12 [2015-09-10 ] . (原始内容 存档于5 March 2012).
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^ Sucesso na Operação Maracati II [Success in Operation Maracati II] . [13 December 2010] . (原始内容 存档于16 July 2012).
^ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 115.4 McDowell, Jonathan. Issue 628 . Jonathan's Space Report. 26 May 2010 [13 July 2010] . (原始内容 存档于8 March 2012).
^ Mysterious Asteroid Unmasked By Space Probe Flyby . Space.com. 10 July 2010 [10 July 2010] . (原始内容存档 于13 July 2010).
^ EPOXI Encounter Schedule . 14 October 2010 [16 October 2010] . (原始内容 存档于18 October 2010).
^ Kauderer, Amiko. Station Crew Completes First Expedition 22 Spacewalk . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 14 January 2010 [15 January 2010] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ International space crew does walk . The Bismarck Tribune (Moscow, Russia : Lee Enterprises ). Associated Press . 15 January 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-130 MCC Status Report #09 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 12 February 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Space station gets new room with an out-of-this-world view . South Florida Sun Sentinel (Cape Canaveral, Florida : Tribune Publishing ). Associated Press . 13 February 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-130 MCC Status Report #13 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 14 February 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Spacewalking astronauts turn plumbers, hook hoses . The Jackson Sun (Cape Canaveral, Florida : Gannett ). Associated Press . 15 February 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-130 MCC Status Report #19 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 17 February 2010 [15 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于15 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Astronauts open window on world . Miami Herald (Cape Canaveral, Florida ). Associated Press . 18 February 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-131 MCC Status Report #09 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 9 April 2010 [15 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于15 May 2021).
^ Astronauts take 1st spacewalk of mission . Arizona Daily Sun (Cape Canaveral, Florida : Lee Enterprises ). Associated Press . 10 April 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-131 MCC Status Report #13 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 11 April 2010 [15 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于15 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. ' Long, long day' for astronauts during second space walk . The News Tribune (Cape Canaveral, Florida : McClatchy ). Associated Press . 12 April 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-131 MCC Status Report #17 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 13 April 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Astronauts take 3rd, final spacewalk; valve stuck . Valley Morning Star (Cape Canaveral, Florida : AIM Media Texas ). Associated Press . 14 April 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-132 MCC Status Report #07 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 17 May 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Spacewalk hit by brief power outage, no danger . Valley Morning Star (Cape Canaveral, Florida : AIM Media Texas ). Associated Press . 18 May 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-132 MCC Status Report #11 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 19 May 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Spacewalking 'superhero' untangles cable on boom . The Modesto Bee (Cape Canaveral, Florida ). Associated Press . 20 May 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Mission Control Center ; Kauderer, Amiko. STS-132 MCC Status Report #15 . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 21 May 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dunn, Marcia. Astronauts make final spacewalk . The Brownsville Herald (Cape Canaveral, Florida : AIM Media Texas ). Associated Press . 22 May 2010: A5 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Kauderer, Amiko. Cosmonauts Complete First Expedition 24 Spacewalk . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 28 July 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ 2 Russian astronauts start spacewalk . Longview Daily News (Moscow : Lee Enterprises ). Associated Press . 27 July 2010: 2 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
^ Bergin, Chris. Opening ISS spacewalk to replace coolant pump completed . NASASpaceflight.com. 7 August 2010 [7 August 2010] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Kauderer, Amiko. Expedition 24 Performs First Spacewalk to Replace Ammonia Pump . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 7 August 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Gebhardt, Chris. Large success for second EVA as failed Pump Module is removed . NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 August 2010 [10 September 2015] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Kauderer, Amiko. Expedition 24 Performs Second Spacewalk to Replace Ammonia Pump . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 11 August 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Harwood, William. Spacewalkers complete space station cooling repairs . Spaceflight Now. CBS News . 16 August 2010 [10 September 2015] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Kauderer, Amiko. Spacewalkers Install Spare Ammonia Pump . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 16 August 2010 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Kauderer, Amiko. Cosmonauts Perform 26th Russian Space Station Spacewalk . NASA News. Houston, Texas : NASA . 16 November 2010 [10 September 2015] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021).
^ Dean, James. Russians succeed in walk in space . Florida Today (Cape Canaveral, Florida : Gannett ). 16 November 2010: 5 [16 May 2021] . (原始内容存档 于16 May 2021) –通过Newspapers.com .
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