2001年印巴對峙

2001年印巴邊境對峙
印度代號: 帕拉克拉姆行动
印巴邊境衝突的一部分

太空中看印巴邊境
日期2001年12月13日 – 2002年6月10日
(5个月4周)
地点
印巴邊境
结果

維持现状

避免了核戰爭
参战方

 印度

 巴基斯坦

指挥官与领导者
科切里爾·拉曼·納拉亞南
(印度總統)
阿塔爾·比哈里·瓦傑帕伊
(印度總理)
上將 Sundararajan Padmanabhan
(印度陸軍參謀長)
元帥 Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy
(印度空軍參謀長)
上將Madhvendra Singh
(印度海軍參謀長)		 上將 佩爾韋茲·穆沙拉夫
(巴基斯坦總統)
上將 莫哈末·阿茲·汗
(参谋长联席会议主席)
准將 尤沙夫·汗
(巴基斯坦陸軍參謀長)
元帥 慕沙夫·阿里·米爾
(巴基斯坦空軍參謀長)
上將阿卜杜勒·阿齊茲·米爾扎
(巴基斯坦海軍參謀長)
兵力
500,000–700,000名士兵[1] 300,000–400,000名士兵[1]
伤亡与损失

798人陣亡[2]
總共1,874人傷亡[3][4][5] (來自印度官方)

900人平民陣亡[6] (印度某將軍估計)
2001-2005年期间1295名平民在与地雷有关的事件中伤亡(根据印度非政府组织的一项调查)[7]		 不明[8]
155,000名印度人和44,000名巴基斯坦人流离失所 (國際新聞組織估計)[9]

2001–2002年印巴邊境對峙是印度和巴基斯坦之间的军事对峙。导致军队在边界两侧和克什米尔地区的控制线(LoC)沿线集结。这是继1998年两国成功引爆核装置之后，印度和巴基斯坦之间的第二次重大军事对峙，第一次是1999年的卡吉尔战争。军事集结是印度对2001年12月13日新德里印度议会和2001年10月1日查谟和克什米尔立法议会遭到恐怖袭击的回应发起的。在那次袭击中，包括袭击大楼的5名恐怖分子在内的12人丧生[10][11]。印度声称，袭击是由两个以巴基斯坦为基地的恐怖组织实施的，他们在查謨和克什米爾幫助虔诚军作战，印度表示这两个恐怖组织都得到了巴基斯坦三军情报局的支持，巴基斯坦否認這一說法。[12]這次對峙於2002年6月10日結束。在兵力略占劣勢的情況下，這次對峙以巴基斯坦獲勝告終。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kashmir Crisis 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期11 July 2006. GlobalSecurity.org
  2. ^ Op Parakram claimed 798 soldiers. 印度時報. 31 July 2003 [20 March 2012]. （原始内容存档于22 October 2012）. 
  3. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为1874 Casualties的参考文献提供内容
  4. ^ Calculating the costs of India-Pakistan standoff. [2022-09-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-17）. 
  5. ^ Bhaskar, C. Uday. No Nation Must Stumble Into War: Lessons from Op Parakram Post Uri. TheQuint. 2016-09-20 [2021-11-15]. （原始内容存档于3 March 2020） （英语）. 
  6. ^ India's national interests must not be subsumed by politically-motivated, competitive machismo masquerading as patriotism. The Indian Express. 2019-03-04 [2021-11-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-18） （英语）. 
  7. ^ Singh, Satnam Jit; Puangsuan, Yeshua Moser. It's time for India to join the Mine Ban Treaty. The Hindu. 2015-03-19 [2021-11-16]. ISSN 0971-751X. （原始内容存档于20 April 2019） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Sajjad Malik, Muhammad; Iqbal Cheema, Pervaiz. Media Coverage of Pak-India Standoff 2002: An Analysis (PDF). Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 26, Issue - 1, 2019. [29 December 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-01-17）. The cost for Pakistan in terms of men was around 34 deaths of soldiers and injuries to another 10. “The buildup cost India nearly 4-billion dollars as compared to Pakistan‟s 1.4 billion dollars” Pandit, 2003)10. 
  9. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为dc的参考文献提供内容
  10. ^ Rajesh M. Basrur. The lessons of Kargil as learned by India. Peter R. Lavoy (编). Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict 1st. Cambridge University Press. 14 December 2009: 326. ISBN 978-0-521-76721-7. 
  11. ^ The brink of war. BBC News. [2021-11-16]. （原始内容存档于17 February 2002）. 
  12. ^ "Who will strike first" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期5 December 2008., The Economist, 20 December 2001.

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