1957年巴黎峰會

巴黎峰會
北約成員地圖
日期1957年12月16日至19日
國家／地区法國

1957年巴黎峰會是首屆北約峰會，也是各成員國領導人首度齊聚一堂的峰會。正式議程與非正式會面舉行於1957年12月16日至19日間的法國巴黎。本屆峰會是北約成員國自1949年4月4日北大西洋公約簽訂儀式後的第二次會面。[1]

背景

1957年峰會期間，北約各國關係正如《紐約時報》及其他人所述那般，處於關鍵的「十字路口」。此次峰會旨在「重新考量西歐防禦的戰略關係」，特別是當時美國對蘇聯的核武優勢正逐漸減弱。[2]另外，同年稍早蘇聯成功發射史普尼克1號，因此本屆峰會也被視為美國對該事件的正式外交回應[3]。

為抵銷蘇聯強調的外交協調決策，各國原則上一致同意在歐洲部署遠程彈道飛彈（IRBM）的協議。該雙關其下戰略的批准乃本屆峰會的成就之一。[4]時任英國首相哈羅德·麥米倫是推動採用「雙管齊下」方法，來應對威脅國際穩定的領導人。他支持兩個相互獨立但同時進行的議程：其一是軍事，另一則是政治。[5]

峰會的討論最終削弱了美國曾主張北約所應採取的挑釁姿態。[6]

議程

整體討論著重在合作的必要，以減輕國際政策中的衝突並進一步鼓勵經濟合作，議題包括：

  • 重申原則性目的
  • 確認大西洋同盟的統一戰線
  • 改善北約部隊的協調性與組織
  • 改善政治協商的協調性與組織
  • 承認需要更緊密的經濟聯繫[1]
  • 成員國的戰術核武器地點及非核區（英语：Nuclear-free zone）[7]

參見

註腳

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 NATO. NATO summit meetings. [2009-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-04）. 
  2. ^ NATO at the Crossroads. The New York Times. December 15, 1957. 
  3. ^ Nash, Philip. (1997). The other missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters (or sometimes known as jerichos), 1957-1963, p. 17.
  4. ^ Nash, p. 24.
  5. ^ White, Brian. (1992). Britain, détente, and changing East-West relations, pp. 58-59. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  6. ^ Nash, p. 25.
  7. ^ Nils Ørvik. Semialignment and Western security. Taylor & Francis. 1986: 205 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 0-7099-1951-4. （原始内容存档于2021-07-10）. 

參考

  • Nash, Philip. (1997). The other missiles of October: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Jupiters, 1957-1963. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4647-6
  • Thomas, Ian Q.R. (1997). The promise of alliance: NATO and the political imagination. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8581-3; OCLC 36746439
  • White, Brian. (1992). Britain, détente, and changing East-West relations. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-07841-2

外部連結

Read other articles:

سهير البابلي

سهير البابلي معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة سهير حلمي إبراهيم البابلي  الميلاد 14 فبراير 1937  فارسكور  الوفاة 21 نوفمبر 2021 (84 سنة) [1]  القاهرة  مواطنة المملكة المصرية (1937–1952) جمهورية مصر (1953–1958) الجمهورية العربية المتحدة (1958–1971) مصر (1971–2021)  الزوج محمود الناقوري�...

 

Paya Lebar

Paya LebarKawasan perancanaanTranskripsi Lainnya • Tionghoa巴耶利峇 • Pinyinbāyēlîbā • MelayuPaya Lebar • Tamilபாய ளேபர்Negara SingaporeWilayahTimur Pemerintahan • Wali kota----Ethnic groups Paya Lebar adalah sebuah kawasan perencanaan yang terletak di Timur Singapura, yang berbatasan dengan Hougang di sebelah barat, Sengkang di sebelah barat laut, Tampines di sebelah timur, Bedok di sebelah selatan ...

 

Purba Julu, Puncak Sorik Marapi, Mandailing Natal

Ada usul agar artikel ini digabungkan dengan Purba Julu, Tambangan, Mandailing Natal. (Diskusikan) Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Purba Julu, Puncak Sorik Marapi, Mandailing Natal – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Pu...

Mongol invasions of India

Series of military offensives (1221–1327) Mongol invasions of IndiaPart of the Mongol invasions and conquestsDate24 November 1221-1327LocationModern-day Pakistan; Multan; Beas River; Punjab; Kili; Delhi; Amroha; Ravi RiverResult Delhi Sultanate's victory Mongol forces expelled from IndiaBelligerents Mongol Empire Chagatai Khanate Qara'unas Delhi Sultanate Mamluk Dynasty Khalji Dynasty Tughlaq DynastyCommanders and leaders Qutlugh Khwaja (DOW)TaraghaiAli BegKopekHiljakTartaqIqbalmandAbd...

 

Pallone d'oro 1958

Raymond Kopa nel 1963 L’edizione 1958 del Pallone d'oro, 3ª edizione del premio calcistico istituito dalla rivista francese France Football, fu vinta dal francese Raymond Kopa (Real Madrid). I giurati che votarono furono 16, provenienti da Austria, Belgio, Bulgaria, Cecoslovacchia, Francia, Germania Ovest, Grecia, Inghilterra, Italia, Paesi Bassi, Polonia, Portogallo, Spagna, Svizzera e Ungheria. Graduatoria Pos. Naz. Giocatore Punti Squadra 1 Raymond Kopa 71 (29,58 %) Real Madrid 2 H...

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

趙家驤

追晉陸軍二級上將趙家驤將軍个人资料出生1910年 大清河南省衛輝府汲縣逝世1958年8月23日(1958歲—08—23)（47—48歲） † 中華民國福建省金門縣国籍 中華民國政党 中國國民黨获奖 青天白日勳章（追贈）军事背景效忠 中華民國服役 國民革命軍 中華民國陸軍服役时间1924年－1958年军衔 二級上將 （追晉）部队四十七師指挥東北剿匪總司令部參謀長陸軍�...

 

University of Salamanca

Public university in Salamanca, Spain Not to be confused with the Pontifical University of Salamanca. University of SalamancaUniversidad de SalamancaSeal of the University of SalamancaLatin: Universitas Studii SalamanticensisMottoOmnium scientiarum princeps Salmantica docet (Latin)Motto in EnglishSalamanca is foremost in teaching all the sciencesTypePublicEstablished1218[1]Academic affiliationsEUA, Coimbra GroupRectorRicardo Rivero OrtegaAcademic staff2,453[2]Administrati...

 

История русов или Малой России

История русов или Малой РоссииИсторія Русовъ или Малой Россіи Жанр история  Медиафайлы на Викискладе История русов или Малой России (Исторія Русовъ, или Малой Россіи) — исторический труд, написанный в виде политического памфлета[1] в конце XVIII, или в начале XIX век...

RCD Espanyol

Association football club in Spain Espanyol redirects here. For other uses of the word Español, which is spelled Espanyol in Catalan and Filipino, see Español (disambiguation). Football clubEspanyolFull nameReial Club Deportivo Espanyol de Barcelona, S.A.D.Nickname(s)Periquitos (Parakeets) Blanquiazules (White and Blue)Short nameRCDEFounded28 October 1900; 123 years ago (1900-10-28)as Sociedad Española de FootballStadiumStage Front StadiumCapacity40,000[1]OwnerRas...

 

Employment Development Department

Department of government in California This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Employment Development Department – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Employment Development DepartmentAgency headquarters at 722 Capitol Mall in SacramentoAgency overviewFormed1935 (1935), as t...

 

QBM

Lens mount for Rolleiflex SL35 cameras Quick Bayonet Mount (QBM)Rolleiflex SL35 E, showing flange and dismounted lensTypeBayonetTabs3Flange44.5 mmConnectorsautomatic diaphragmIntroduced1970 The Quick Bayonet Mount (QBM) is the bayonet mount system for the range of interchangeable lenses fitted to 135 film cameras built by Rollei in Germany and Singapore from 1970 through 1990, including the Rolleiflex SL35, Rolleiflex SL2000F [de], and Voigtländer VSL series. Lens brands sold wi...

Новотитаровское сельское поселение

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

 

هنود

هنودمعلومات عامةنسبة التسمية الهند التعداد الكليالتعداد قرابة 1.21 مليار[1][2]تعداد الهند عام 2011ق. 1.32 مليار[3]تقديرات عام 2017ق. 30.8 مليون[4]مناطق الوجود المميزةبلد الأصل الهند البلد الهند  الهند نيبال 4,000,000[5] الولايات المتحدة 3,982,398[6] الإمار...

 

An Chi-hong

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. An Chi-hongLotte Giants Lahir: 2 Juli 1990 (umur 33)Seoul, Korea SelatanKBO debut4 April, 2009, untuk Kia Tigers Tim Kia Tigers (2009–2019) Lotte Giants (2020–) An Chi-hong (Hangul: 안치홍, Hanja: 安致弘) (lahir 2 Juli 19...

Infant mortality

Death of children under the age of 1 World map of infant mortality rates in 2017 Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.[1] The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births.[1] Similarly, the child mortality rate, also known as the under-five mortality rate, compares the death rate of children up to t...

 

With All My Heart (Frankie Laine album)

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: With All My Heart Frankie Laine album – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2017)1955 studio album by Frankie LaineWith All My HeartStudio album by Frankie LaineReleased1955LanguageEnglishLabelMercuryFrankie Laine chrono...

 

Aksara Tokharia

Aksara TokhariaDinding Gua Kizil bergambar Buddha berdiri.Sering dikaitkan pada abad ke-7 M,[1] tetapi berdasarkan penanggalan karbon, gambar itu dibuat pada tahun 245-340 M.[2] Prasasti Tokharia B tertulis:Se pañäkte saṅketavattse ṣarsa papaiykauBuddha ini dilukis oleh tangan Sanketava.[3][4][5][6]Jenis aksara Abugida BahasaBahasa TokhariaPeriodeabad ke-8 MasehiAksara terkaitSilsilahHieroglif MesirAbjad Proto-SinaiAbjad FenisiаAbjad Aram...

Amkette EvoTV

Amkette EvoTVEvoTV XLManufacturerAmketteOperating systemAndroid v4.0.4 Ice Cream SandwichCPUArm Cortex A9, Arm Mali 400Memory1 GB (RAM)Storage4 GB (ROM)ConnectivityInternal Wi fi - 802.11 b/g/n, Ethernet 10/100 Base-T, uPnP (DLNA), Samba Share (Windows)PredecessorEvoTV (non-XL)Websiteevotv.amkette.com[dead link] EvoTV is a range of digital media players developed by Amkette that brings internet and web2.0 features to the television. EvoTV was envisioned to be a substitute to the growi...

 

Rui Silva (calciatore 1994)

Rui SilvaNazionalità Portogallo Altezza191 cm Peso89 kg Calcio RuoloPortiere Squadra Betis CarrieraGiovanili 2006-2012 Maia2012-2013 Nacional Squadre di club1 2013-2017 Nacional50 (-75)2017-2021 Granada111 (-130)2021- Betis60 (-67) Nazionale 2013 Portogallo U-193 (-1)2014 Portogallo U-201 (0)2014 Portogallo U-212 (-3)2021 Portogallo1 (0) 1 I due numeri indicano le presenze e le reti segnate, per le sole partite di campionato.Il simbolo → indica un trasfer...