1936年國王陛下退位宣言法令

1936年國王陛下退位宣言法令
His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936
國會法令
英國國會
全名本法令旨在使國王陛下退位詔書生效；以及為相關事宜訂定條文。（An Act to give effect to His Majesty's declaration of abdication; and for purposes connected therewith.）
引稱1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6 c. 3
提案者首相斯坦利·鲍德温
適用地域 英国和大英帝国自治領
日期
御准1936年12月11日 (1936-12-11)
生效1936年12月11日 (1936-12-11)
其他法例
相關法例1931年西敏法規
現狀：已施行
原始文本

《1936年國王陛下退位宣言法令》（英語：His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936；1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6 c. 3）是一條英國國會法令，批准英國國王爱德华八世退位及由其胞弟约克公爵阿尔伯特繼位，又完全排除愛德華的子嗣繼承王位的可能性。

背景及過程

《退位詔書》

1936年，愛德華國王決定與美國名流华里丝·辛普森結婚，但因英國和各自治領政府反對，而最終選擇退位，並在同年12月10日簽署退位詔書，但當時仍未算退位[1]。

鑑於英國沒有有關君主退位的法律條文，因此國會需要通過法案罷黜國王，而國王需要御准法案生效。而且，由於愛德華子嗣也不能繼承王位，因此《1772年王室婚姻法令》並不適用[2]。

英國上下兩院在不經修訂下，於12月11日一日內通過本法令。下午1點52分，愛德華御准本法令並通知國會，法令正式生效，愛德華八世正式退位，其胞弟阿尔伯特即時繼位，翌日在倫敦聖詹姆士宮登基[3][1][4]。

根據《1931年西敏法規》規定，英國君主其他領地的王位繼承順序必須統一，因此四個英聯邦王國（加拿大、澳大利亚、南非聯邦和新西兰）都先後請求英政府並批准本法令在當地成法[5]。加拿大國會之後通過《1937年王位繼承法令》，與英國王位繼承維持一致[5]。南非則通過《1937年國王愛德華八世陛下退位法令》，宣告愛德華的退位在1936年12月10日生效[5]。當時澳洲和新西蘭因沒有採納《1931年西敏法規》而毋須就愛德華退位再行立法[5]。爱尔兰自由邦在1922年從英國獨立後，成為大英帝国自治領，君主自此只剩部分外交權力；愛爾蘭自由邦議會（英语：Oireachtas of the Irish Free State）通過《1936年行政權力（對外關係）法令（英语：Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936）》，承認佐治六世在1936年12月12日登基[5]。

法令排除了爱德华八世子孙的王位继承权。事实上，爱德华八世至死也没有子嗣。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 第34350號憲報. 倫敦憲報. 1936-12-15. 
  2. ^ 加拿大國會. 1937年王位繼承法令 (PDF). [2020-10-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-16）. 
  3. ^ 《1936年國王陛下退位宣言法令》的當今生效版本（包括所有修訂）（官方文本由英國成文法資料庫（英语：Legislation.gov.uk）提供）
  4. ^ Court Circular - BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 11 Dec. No. 47,556, Royal Edition. 倫敦: 泰晤士報. 1936-12-12: 17. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Heard, Andrew, Canadian Independence, 溫哥華: 西門菲莎大學, 1990 [2020-10-11], （原始内容存档于2009-02-21） 

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