1878年柏林會議

1878年7月13日,在德国总理府举行的最后一次会议

柏林会议(德語:Berliner Kongress)是指1878年6月13日-1878年7月13日在德意志帝國柏林举行的会议。与会国包括当时欧洲强国(俄罗斯帝國英国法蘭西第三共和國奥匈帝国意大利王國德意志帝國)、[1]巴尔干半岛各国(希腊王国塞尔维亚公国罗马尼亚联合公国黑山公国)和奥斯曼帝国。这次会议旨在确定俄土战争后巴尔干半岛各国的领土。最终,会议以柏林条约的签订而结束。

背景

1875年,波斯尼亞爆發反鄂圖曼帝國動亂,不久蔓延至鄰近的保加利亞,鄂圖曼帝國軍隊在保加利亞進行殘酷的鎮壓,令俄羅斯帝國以保護保加利亞人為由,於1877年向鄂圖曼帝國宣戰。土耳其戰敗求和,與俄羅斯帝國簽訂《圣斯特凡诺条约》。條約訂明被鄂圖曼帝国统治數世紀的保加利亚獲得獨立,但新獨立的保加利亞版圖之大,令英國奧匈帝國以及其他巴爾幹民族不滿,各國恐怕新獨立的保加利亞會成為俄羅斯帝國的傀儡,令俄羅斯帝國大大增加在巴爾幹半島及東地中海地區的影響力,於是巴爾幹地區在簽訂《圣斯特凡诺条约》後,變得異常緊張。

德意志帝國宰相俾斯麦以德意志帝國在巴爾幹地區沒有直接利益為由,願意當上調解人,在德意志帝國首都柏林召開討論巴爾幹問題的國際會議,邀请各国出席,以平衡英国、俄罗斯帝國与奥匈帝国的利益。

柏林条约的条约内容

参考来源

  1. ^ "Besides Turkey, there were six Great Powers during the late nineteenth century: Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany." Sowards, Steven W. Lecture 10: The Great Powers and the Eastern Question. Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History (The Balkans in the Age of Nationalism). [14 February 2015]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-14). 

52°30′42″N 13°22′55″E / 52.51167°N 13.38194°E / 52.51167; 13.38194

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