139工程

139工程
类型中型坦克
原产地 苏联
生产历史
研发者列奥尼德·卡采耶夫
研发日期1955年
生产商乌拉尔重型机械厂第183工厂
生产日期1956
制造数量3辆
基本规格 （139工程）
重量36吨
长度6.2 m
宽度3.37 m
高度2.40 m
操作人数4
装甲炮塔203毫米/弧形，车体100毫米/60 °
主武器D-54TS戰車砲（俄语：2А24）
副武器1×7.62 mm SGMT机枪、1×12.7 mm DShK重机枪
发动机V-55 12缸柴油机
433 kW
悬挂扭杆悬挂
底盘高度0.425 m
燃料容量560 升
作战范围501 km , 600 km （有副油箱）
速度48 km/h

139工程（俄语：Объект 139），又称T-54M，是苏联的一款中型坦克原型车，由T-54A中型坦克改进而来。

研发历史

1955年2月24日，苏联部长会议委派下塔吉尔的乌拉尔重型机械厂第183工厂设计一款T-54A的火力加强型，由总设计师列奥尼德·卡采耶夫负责。至1956年2月底，共生产139工程样车3辆。原型车在3月的工厂测试中，暴露出稳定仪存在若干故障。同年年底， 在克拉斯诺雅斯克机械工厂（俄语：Красногорский завод）和中央自动化与液压研究所（俄语：ЦНИИАГ）的协助下，183厂排除了故障并将139工程交付国家验收[1]。

139工程在1957年1月至4月接受了军方测试，针对测试中出现的问题，183厂再次对火炮和瞄具的稳定装置进行了改进。1959年2月和4月，两辆139工程样车再次接受军方测试，在中央科研炮兵试验场分别试射771发和591发。不幸的是，由于炮管炸膛，两辆试验车都未能保存至今。出于后勤考虑，139工程最终未能批准投产，但其火炮由140工程、430工程、以及T-62原型车165工程继承，车体的一些改进、稳定仪和夜視装备则被用于T-55的升级中。仅存的一辆139工程原型车现保存于卡卢加州科澤利斯克的俄罗斯军队文化纪念馆（俄语：Дома культуры Российской Армии）。

设计特点

139工程的主武器为一门100毫米D-54TS坦克炮（GRAU编号2A24），配有多孔制退器和抽烟器。“闪电”稳定仪为火炮提供双轴稳定，提高行进间射击精度[2]。由于炮座较原有的D-10戰車砲重500千克，为保证战斗全重不变，车体侧面装甲由80毫米减少至70毫米[1]。炮塔前部和炮盾形状经过修改，使其融为一体，而不像T-54呈突出的猪鼻形。内部油箱容积从532升增加至560升。车体内部，电台更换为R-113和TP-R-120，并分别为车长和驾驶员增加了TKN-1观察镜、TVN-2和TPN-1夜视镜。除此之外，139工程和T-54A基本相同。

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 М.В. Павлов, И.В. Павлов. ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ БРОНИРОВАННЫЕ МАШИНЫ 1945-1965 гг.. Техника и Вооружение вчера, сегодня, завтра. 2012, (1). 
  2. ^ Барятинский, Михаил. Все танки СССР. Самая полная энциклопедия. Litres. 2017: 419. ISBN 9785457535206. 


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