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1-二叠氮亚甲胺基-5-叠氮四唑

1-二叠氮亚甲胺基-5-叠氮四唑
IUPAC名
N-(5-Azido-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-1-yl)carbonimidoyl diazide
英文名 1-Diazidocarbamoyl-5-azidotetrazole
别名 5-Azido-1-diazidocarbamoyltetrazole
识别
缩写 AA
CAS号 1306278-47-6 [1] ☒N
PubChem 101796054
ChemSpider 30649737
SMILES
 
  • N(=[N+]=[N-])C1=NN=NN1N=C(N=[N+]=[N-])N=[N+]=[N-]
性质
化学式 C2N14
摩尔质量 220.12 g·mol−1
密度 1.723 g·cm−3[2]
熔点 78 °C(351 K)
沸点 110 °C(剧烈爆炸)
溶解性 可溶于乙醚丙酮、烃和氯代烃[3]
结构[4]
晶体结构 正交晶系
热力学[5][2]
ΔfHm298K 357 kcal·mol−1 (1495 kJ·mol−1)
爆炸性
撞击感度 <0.25 J
摩擦感度 <1 N
爆速 8960 m/s
危险性
主要危害 将不可预测且猛烈地引爆含氮高能化合物家族的一部分。
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

1-二叠氮亚甲胺基-5-叠氮四唑1-Diazidocarbamoyl-5-azidotetrazole),俗稱疊氮化疊氮疊氮Azidoazide azide),[5]杂环化合物,化学式C
2
N
14
[4]。极易爆炸。

制造

1-二叠氮亚甲胺基-5-叠氮四唑由托马斯·克莱普茨克、布克哈德·克鲁姆、弗兰兹·马丁和约格·施蒂尔斯托弗於2011年合成,[6]他们用亚硝酸钠水溶液將氯化三氨基胍重氮化;[4]另一种合成方法是四溴化异氰的丙酮溶液和叠氮化钠水溶液间复分解反应。[7]它首先形成异氰基四叠氮化物C
2
N
14
的开環异构体。它在标准条件快速环化成四唑环。[8]

危险

它在124°C熱分解。热、激光、辐射或物理冲击等几乎任何刺激都会引爆它,它也有可能无缘无故且不可预测地引爆。[6]其氮原子没有很强的三键,爆炸前处于高能状态,爆炸後变為低能状态,是高能氮化合物。它非常高能,以至用拉曼光谱仪繪製它時就會爆炸。[9]其撞擊敏度(impact sensitivity)低過0.25焦,但不如三碘化氮敏感,故常誤稱它為世界最敏感化合物。

参考文献

  1. ^ Azidoazide azide. American Chemical Society. 17 August 2020 [13 September 2021]. (原始内容存档于28 October 2020) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Martin, Franz Albert. Novel Energetic Materials based on 1,5-Diaminotetrazole and 3,5-Diamino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (PDF): 80–87. [24 February 2018]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于16 April 2021). 
  3. ^ US 2990412,Grundmann, Christoph J. & Wilhelm Joseph Schnabel,「Isocyanogen tetraazide and its preparation」,发表于1961-06-27 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Klapötke, Thomas M.; Martin, Franz A.; Stierstorfer, Jörg. "C2N14: An Energetic and Highly Sensitive Binary Azidotetrazole" 50 (18): 4227–4229. 2011-04-26. PMID 21472944. doi:10.1002/anie.201100300. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Derek Lowe. Things I Won’t Work With: Azidoazide Azides, More Or Less. [2021-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-07). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Klapötke, Thomas M.; Martin, Franz A.; Stierstorfer, Jörg. New Azidotetrazoles: Structurally Interesting and Extremely Sensitive 7 (1): 214-24. 2011-09-09. doi:10.1002/asia.201100632. 
  7. ^ Isocyanogen tetraazide and its preparation. 1959-04-14 [2021-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17). 
  8. ^ Banert, Klaus; Richter, Sebastian; Schaarschmidt, Dieter; Lang, Heinrich. Well Known or New? Synthesis and Structure Assignment of Binary C2N14 Compounds Reinvestigated. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2013, 52 (12): 3499–3502. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 23404921. doi:10.1002/anie.201209170. 
  9. ^ Banert, Klaus; Richter, Sebastian; Schaarschmidt, Dieter; Lang, Heinrich. Well Known or New? Synthesis and Structure Assignment of Binary C2N14 Compounds Reinvestigated". Angewandte Chemie International Edition.. 2013, 52 (12): 3499-3502. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 23404921. doi:10.1002/anie.201209170. 
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