1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷

1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷
IUPAC名
1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
别名 Freon 142b; R-142b; HCFC-142b; Chlorodifluoroethane
识别
CAS号 75-68-3  checkY
PubChem 9625
ChemSpider 6148
SMILES
 
  • CC(F)(F)Cl
性质
化学式 C2H3ClF2
摩尔质量 100.5 g·mol−1
外观 無色氣體
熔点 -130.8 °C（142 K）
沸点 −9.6 °C（264 K）
溶解性（水） 微溶
危险性
主要危害 窒息
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷（1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane）也稱為HCFC-142b或Freon-142b，是氫氟氯碳化合物，化學式是CH3CClF2，1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷主要是用作制冷剂[1]。

空氣中大部份的氫氟氯碳化合物濃度都和產業界記錄的排放量相近。唯一例外的是1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷，其濃度比理論值要高很多[2]蒙特利尔议定书呼籲停止生產氟氯碳化合物（CFC）及氫氟氯碳化合物（HCFC）以減緩臭氧层的破壞。

用途

HCFC-142b是製造塑膠時的發泡劑，可做為冷媒，也是製造聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）的原料[3]。HCFC-142b最早是用來取代蒙特利尔议定书一開始禁止的氟氯碳化合物（CFC），但後來也因為氫氟氯碳化合物（HCFC）對臭氧層的破壞而禁用氫氟氯碳化合物。美國環境保護署指出，現在氟氯碳化合物（CFC）及氫氟氯碳化合物（HCFC）只能用在氫氟氯碳化合物（HCFC）的轉換過程中，或是會使摧毀HCFC化合物的製程中，例如用HCFC-142b做為生產PVDF的原料[4]。這些物質也可以用在2010年1月1日以前生產的設備中。這些法規的重點是淘汰HCFC化合物的方式和淘汰CFC化合物的方式相同。根據蒙特利尔议定书，若不是第5條締約方的國家（例如美國），要在2020年1月1日起停產這類化合物。

生產歷史

依照替代碳氟化合物環境可接受性研究（AFEAS），2006年全世界HCFC-142b的產量（不計算沒有申請產量的印度及中國）為33,779公噸，產量在2006年至2007年增加了34%[5]。

參考資料

  1. ^ Safety Data Sheet for 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (PDF). [24 February 2018]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-10-24）. 
  2. ^ Good news from the stratosphere, sort of: Accumulating HCFCs won't stop ozone-hole mending. [2018-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. 
  3. ^ Phaseout of Class II Ozone-Depleting Substances. Environmental Protection Agency. [2020-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-01）. 
  4. ^ U.S. Government Publishing Office Federal Register （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 2005 November 4, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Notice of Data Availability; Information Concerning the Current and Predicted Use of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pages 67172 - 67174 [FR DOC # 05-22036].
  5. ^ Production and Sales of Fluorocarbons - AFEAS. [2018-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-28）. 

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