1,1-二氯乙烯

1,1-Dichloroethene
結構式
球棒模型
IUPAC名
1,1-二氯乙烯
1,1-Dichloroethene
别名 1,1-Dichloroethylene
1,1-DCE
vinylidene chloride
vinylidene dichloride
识别
CAS号 75-35-4  checkY
PubChem 6366
ChemSpider 6126
SMILES
 
  • ClC(Cl)=C
ChEBI 34031
KEGG C14039
性质
化学式 C2H2Cl2
摩尔质量 96.94 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
密度 1.213 g/cm3
熔点 -122 °C(151 K)
沸点 32 °C(305 K)
溶解性 0.04% (20°C)[1]
蒸氣壓 500 mmHg (20°C)[1]
偶极矩 1.3 D
结构
分子构型 Planar
危险性
NFPA 704
4
2
2
 
爆炸極限 6.5%-15.5%[1]
PEL none[1]
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

1,1-二氯乙烯(1,1-Dichloroethene)簡稱1,1-DCE,是分子式為C2H2Cl2有機氯化合物,是有辛辣氣味的無色液體。1,1-二氯乙烯和大部份的有機氯化合物類似,在水中溶解度不高,但可溶於有機熔劑。1,1-二氯乙烯曾是食物用保鮮膜的原料,但現在已不使用。

製備

1,1-二氯乙烯可以用1,1,2-三氯乙烷脫鹵反應來製備,而1,1,2-三氯乙烷是制備1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,2-二氯乙烷時的副產品,其反應中有鹼參與反應:

Cl2CHCH2Cl + NaOH → Cl2C=CH2 + NaCl + H2O

氣相反應不需要鹼,但反應的选择性較差[2]

應用

1,1-二氯乙烯主要應用在氯乙烯丙烯腈丙烯酸酯的聚合反應中,作為共聚单体。1,1-二氯乙烯也用在半导体器件制造中,用來生長高純度的二氧化矽(SiO2薄膜

聚偏二氯乙烯

1,1-二氯乙烯可以聚合,形成聚偏二氯乙烯英语polyvinylidene chloride(PVDC)[3],可用來製作莎綸英语Saran (plastic)或是食物保鮮膜,但在1980年代的研究發現,聚偏二氯乙烯和其他含氯的有機物質一様,可能會因為化學物質的浸析而危害健康,尤其用在包裹食物放在微波爐加熱時,更容易浸析出化學物質,且燃燒時會產生戴奧辛等物質[4]。因此2004年起,食物保鮮膜改用聚乙烯(PE)的材質。

安全性

暴露在1,1-二氯乙烯下的問題主要和中樞神經系統有關,症狀包括鎮靜、醉、抽搐及痙攣,高濃度下會有意識不清的情形[5]美国国家职业安全卫生研究所將1,1-二氯乙烯列為潜在的职业性致癌物質[6]

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0661. NIOSH. 
  2. ^ Manfred Rossberg, Wilhelm Lendle, Gerhard Pfleiderer, Adolf Tögel, Eberhard-Ludwig Dreher, Ernst Langer, Heinz Rassaerts, Peter Kleinschmidt, Heinz Strack, Richard Cook, Uwe Beck, Karl-August Lipper, Theodore R. Torkelson, Eckhard Löser, Klaus K. Beutel, Trevor Mann "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2
  3. ^ 塑膠物語: 什麼是聚偏二氯乙烯. [2015-06-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  4. ^ 限制聚氯乙烯及聚偏二氯乙烯保鮮膜製造、輸入及販賣草案總說明. 台灣環保署. [2015-06-06]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  5. ^ Vinylidene Chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene). EPA. [2015-06-06]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-16). 
  6. ^ Vinylidene chloride. CDC. [2015-06-06]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-28). 

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