龙胆属
龙胆属 (学名:Gentiana )是龙胆科 下的一个大属 ,大约包括有400余种 ,广泛分布在全世界温带 地区的高山地带,绝大部分为一年生或多年生的草本 植物 ,部分为常绿品种。
龙胆属植物为单叶 对生,花 为喇叭状,花瓣 5裂,在北半球的龙胆属,花通常为蓝色 ,但在南美洲 的品种花为红色 ,在新西兰 有白色 花的品种,此外尚有黄色 、乳白色等,颜色 多样。
一般龙胆属植物不容易栽培,不易离开其生长的自然环境,但也有一些品种可以进行栽培,需要充足的阳光,排水良好的土壤 。
藥用
维基百科 中的醫學内容
仅供参考 ,並
不能 視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見,请咨询专业人士。詳見
醫學聲明 。
龙胆属植物的根 含有龙胆苦甙,可以用作苦味健胃剂,许多品种的根可以作为中药 入药,功能泻肝 火、退虚热。
龙胆花是一種藏药 ,藏药名“榜间”、“邦见”,可以单味或複方入药。《晶珠本草 》說榜间可治毒病及各類热症,如气管炎 、咳嗽 和天花 。此外還有抗肝纤维化 、抗子宮頸癌 的作用。[ 1]
黄龙胆 (Gentiana lutea )
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:[ 2]
Gentiana acaulis L.('Stemless Gentian')
Gentiana acaulis x clusii
Gentiana affinis ('Pleated Gentian')
Gentiana alba Muhl. ex A.Gray, 1848('Plain Gentian')
Gentiana albescens Favre
银萼龙胆 Gentiana albicalyx Burkill
高山龙胆 Gentiana algida Pall. ('Whitish Gentian')
Gentiana alii (Omer & Qaiser) T.N.Ho
Gentiana alpina ('Alpine Gentian')
Gentiana altaica ('Altai Gentian')
Gentiana amarella ('Autumn Dwarf Gentian')
Gentiana amoena
Gentiana andrewsii ('Closed bottle Gentian')
Gentiana angustifolia
阿里山龍膽 Gentiana arisanensis
Gentiana asclepiadea ('Willow Gentian')
Gentiana austromontana ('Appalachian Gentian')
Gentiana autumnalis ('Pinebarren Gentian')
竹林龍膽 Gentiana bambuseti
Gentiana bavarica ('Bavarian Gentian')
Gentiana bellidifolia
Gentiana betongensis J.Wai,2024[ 3]
Gentiana bolavenensis Nagah., Tagane & Soulad.[ 4]
Gentiana boryi Boiss., 1938
Gentiana brachyphylla Vill., 1779
Gentiana bulleyana (Forrest) C.Marquand, 1931,为Crawfurdia campanulacea Wall. & Griff. ex C.B.Clarke的异名
Gentiana burseri Lapeyr., 1813
Gentiana cachemirica Decne., 1844
Gentiana calycosa ('Rainier Pleated Gentian')
Gentiana catesbaei ('Elliott's Gentian')
头花龙胆 Gentiana cephalantha
Gentiana cerina
Gentiana ciliolata S. Yang, H. C & F. Du, 2020[ 5]
Gentiana clausa ('Bottled Gentian')
Gentiana clusii ('Trumpet Gentian')
粗茎秦艽 Gentiana crassicaulis
Gentiana crinita ('Fringed Gentian')
Gentiana cruciata ('Cross Gentian')
五岭龙胆 Gentiana davidii
臺灣龍膽 Gentiana davidii var. formosana
达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica Fisch., 1812
Gentiana decora ('Showy Gentian')
斜升秦艽 Gentiana decumbens L.fil., 1781
Gentiana dendrologii
平龙胆 Gentiana depressa
Gentiana dinarica
Gentiana douglasiana ('Swamp Gentian')
壶冠龙胆 Gentiana elwesii
线叶龙胆 Gentiana farreri
Gentiana fetisowii
Gentiana flavida ('Pale Gentian')
Gentiana flavomaculata
黃斑龍膽 Gentiana flavomaculata var. flavomaculata
鴛鴦湖龍膽 Gentiana flavomaculata var. yuanyanghuensis
Gentiana freyniana
Gentiana frigida
Gentiana froelichii
Gentiana fremontii ('Moss Gentian')
Gentiana gelida
劲直黄条纹龙胆 Gentiana gilvo-striata
Gentiana glauca ('Pale Gentian')
Gentiana gracilipes
Gentiana grombczewskii
Gentiana heterosepala ('Autumn Gentian')
Gentiana hexaphylla
高山龍膽 Gentiana horaimontana
伊澤山龍膽 Gentiana itzershanensis
高雄龍膽 Gentiana kaohsiungensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang, 1999
Gentiana kesselringii Regel, 1880
Gentiana kurroo Royle, 1835
Gentiana laotica Soulad., Tagane & Yahara[ 6]
Gentiana lawrencii
全萼秦艽 Gentiana lhassica
Gentiana linearis ('Narrowleaf Gentian')
Gentiana loderi
黄龙胆 Gentiana lutea ,( 'Great Yellow Gentian')
全萼秦艽 Gentiana macrophylla ('Bigleaf Gentian')
Gentiana makinoi H.Lév. & Vaniot,为Gentiana nipponica Maxim.的异名
小齿龙胆 Gentiana microdonta Franch. ex Hemsl., 1890
Gentiana mopanshanensis Huan C. Wang & Tao Chen bis, 2024[ 7]
Gentiana newberryi ('Newberry's Gentian')
Gentiana nipponica
Gentiana nivalis ('Snow Gentian')
云雾龙胆 Gentiana nubigena
Gentiana nutans ('Tundra Gentian')
Gentiana ochroleuca
Gentiana olivieri
Gentiana ornata
Gentiana pannonica ('Brown Gentian')
Gentiana paradoxa
Gentiana parryi ('Parry's Gentian')
Gentiana patula
Gentiana pennelliana ('Wiregrass Gentian')
叶萼龙胆 Gentiana phyllocalyx
Gentiana platypetala ('Broadpetal Gentian')
Gentiana plurisetosa ('Bristly Gentian')
Gentiana pneumonanthe ('Marsh Gentian')
观尝龙胆 Gentiana prolata
垂花龙胆 Gentiana prostrata ('Pygmy Gentian')
Gentiana przewalskii
翼萼龙胆 Gentiana pterocalyx
Gentiana puberulenta ('Downy Gentian')
Gentiana pumila
Gentiana punctata ('Spotted Gentian')
Gentiana purpurea ('Purple Gentian')
Gentiana pyrenaica
Gentiana quadrifolia
滇龙胆草 Gentiana rigescens
Gentiana rostanii
Gentiana rubricaulis ('Closed Gentian')
Gentiana saponaria ('Harvestbells Gentian')
Gentiana saxosa
龙胆 Gentiana scabra
玉山龙胆 Gentiana scabrida
黑斑龍膽 Gentiana scabrida var. punctulata
玉山龍膽 Gentiana scabrida var. scabrida
Gentiana scarlatina
Gentiana sceptrum ('King's scepter Gentian')
Gentiana septemfida ('Crested Gentian')
Gentiana setigera ('Mendocino Gentian')
Gentiana setulifolia
锡金龙胆 Gentiana sikkimensis
Gentiana sikokiana
华丽龙胆 Gentiana sino-ornata
管花秦艽 Gentiana siphonantha
Gentiana speciosa
鳞叶龙胆 Gentiana squarrosa
Gentiana stictantha
匙萼龙胆 Gentiana stragulata
麻花艽 Gentiana straminea Maxim.
Gentiana susanneae [ 8]
太魯閣龍膽 Gentiana tarokoensis
塔塔加龍膽 Gentiana tatakensis
厚葉龍膽 Gentiana tentyoensis
Gentiana tenuifolia
臺東龍膽 Gentiana tenuissima
Gentiana terglouensis ('Triglav Gentian')
三叶龙胆 Gentiana ternifolia Franch.
Gentiana tianshanica ('Tienshan Gentian')
三歧龙胆 Gentiana trichotoma
三花龙胆 Gentiana triflora
Gentiana trinervis
筒花龙胆 Gentiana tubiflora
Gentiana utriculosa ('Bladder Gentian')
蓝玉簪龙胆 Gentiana veitchiorum
喜马拉雅龙胆 Gentiana venusta
春花龍膽 Gentiana verna ('Spring Gentian')
Gentiana villosa ('Striped Gentian')
长梗秦艽 Gentiana waltonii
Gentiana wutaiensis
台湾轮叶龙胆 Gentiana yakushimensis
笔龙胆 Gentiana zollingeri
归入本属的物种:
参考文献
^ 曹海峰、赵志礼、嘎务,2014,藏药“龙胆花”研究进展,《中藥材》,06期
^ Gentiana L. . GBIF. [2023-06-05 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-05-30).
^ Jarearnsak Sae Wai. 2024. Gentiana betongensis (Gentianaceae), A New Species from tropical montane sphagnum bog in Peninsular Thailand. Phytotaxa. 633(1); 60-67. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.633.1.7
^ Ai Nagahama, Shuichiro Tagane, Phetlasy Souladeth, Anousone Sengthong and Tetsukazu Yahara. 2019. Gentiana bolavenensis (Gentianaceae), A New Species from Dong Hua Sao National Protected Area in southern Laos. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 47(2), 133-136. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2019.47.2.02
^ Shaoyong Yang, Haifeng Cao, Fan Du, Juan Wang, Qiaorong Zhang and Wen-Tsai Wang. 2020. A New Species of Gentiana, Gentiana ciliolata and It’s Two Subspecies of subsp. ciliolata and subsp. longiloba of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 11; 1137-1143. DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2020.117080
^ Phetlasy Souladeth, Shuichiro Tagane, Akiyo Naiki, Hidetoshi Nagamasu and Tetsukazu Yahara. 2018. Gentiana laotica, A New Species of Gentianaceae from Laos. Thai Forest Bulletin. 46(1); 72-75. DOI 10.20531/tfb.2018.46.1.11
^ Tao Chen, Ting-Ting Wang, Shao-Yun Liu and Huan-Chong Wang. 2024. Gentiana mopanshanensis (Gentianaceae), A New Species from Yunnan, southwest China. PhytoKeys. 239: 215-228. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.119800
^ Adrien Favre, James S. Pringle and Peng-Cheng Fu. 2022. Phylogenetics Support the Description of A New Sichuanese Species, Susanne’s Gentian, Gentiana susanneae (Gentianaceae). Systematic Botany. 47(2); 506-513. DOI: 10.1600/036364422X16512564801579
Lena Struwe (Editor), Victor A. Albert (Editor), Gentianaceae , Cambridge University Press, 2002; ISBN 0-521-80999-1
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