龕

香港中式祠堂裡供奉祖先牌位的神龕
日本神龕-神棚，供奉神道教

龕（kān）是供奉佛像、神像、神位或祖先灵位等信仰對象或聖物的小閣子，如佛龕、神龕等一般为木製；也指石窟寺或廟堂墻壁上的凹陷部分，稱爲窟龕或壁龕，有時可延伸到基督教等西方宗教建築（日语：壁龕）。

小龕又称櫝（dú）。龕表面常有精美的浮雕、通雕和半圆雕等纹饰，具有古典美感。

大龕一般放在宗祠中，而椟一般置于居室内。[1]

形制

龕可分為有龕門及無龕門二種。在廟宇中的龕為方便受十方信徒禮拜，通常為開放式的，在中國大陸、臺灣民宅通常也設有開放式的龕；日本家戶則多為具有龕門的龕，在禮拜、祭祀時才會打開龕門。

日本

在日本，只有窟龕或窟龕形狀的藝術品（如大都會博物館藏品2008.504 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆））才被称为佛龕（仏龕/ぶつがん），一般情况所用的龛有：

  • 佛敎的橱子（zǐ）（日语：厨子；日文中厨是橱的異體字）。意思是櫝，但漢語中櫝多指棺櫝或寳盒，存放祖先靈位式存在“神櫝”一詞；日語中則一般通稱寺廟或居室内的佛龕都通稱橱子或佛壇。
  • 神道教的神棚（かみだな）供奉神道教神明的神符(神札/しんさつ)於牆上，設祖靈舍（祖霊舎/それいしゃ）中安奉祖先牌位立於地板。

參考資料

  1. ^ 《金漆木雕人物故事神椟互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-11-23.》，广东省博物馆网

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