鳖 (星官)

敦煌星图（S.3326）上所绘的星官鳖，为圆形，在斗的左侧

鳖是中国古代星官名，属于二十八宿中的斗宿，位于现代星座中的南冕座与望遠鏡座，其中大部分位于南冕座中，仅有鱉一（α Tel）位于望远镜座。《丹元子步天歌》：“斗下圆安十四星，虽然名鳖贯索形”、“天渊十星鳖东边，更有两狗斗魁前”[1]。《开元占经》中鳖有十四星，但《仪象考成》中鳖为十一星。[2][3]

在鳖星官中最亮的是鳖六（α CrA）、鳖五（β CrA）、鳖七（γ CrA）三星，亮度分别为4.10等、4.12等及4.26等，其余星都比较暗。[4]

鳖十四星在《开元占经》中为石氏外官的四十五座星官之一，据开元占经所引石氏曰：“鳖十四星，在南斗”，在中国古代占星中，鳖星主要用来占雨，也占阴事。[4]《开元占经》还说：“黄帝占曰：鳖星常居汉中，微而不明，则天下和，雨泽时；其星若不居汉中，则阴阳不和，天下旱，石氏曰：‘鳖一星去，有白衣之会；二星去，有大丧；以去日占国。’班固《天文志》曰：‘鳖星不居汉中，有易川者。’石氏赞曰：鳖星为水虫，太阴也。”[5]

所含恒星[6]

中國星名 現代星名 所屬星座
鱉一 α Tel 望遠鏡座
鱉二 η1 CrA 南冕座
鱉三 ζ CrA 南冕座
鱉四 δ CrA 南冕座
鱉五 β CrA 南冕座
鱉六 α CrA 南冕座
鱉七 γ CrA 南冕座
鱉八 ε CrA 南冕座
鱉九 V686 CrA 南冕座
鱉十 κ2 CrA 南冕座
鱉十一 θ CrA 南冕座

参考资料

  1. ^ 唐 王希明《丹元子步天歌》,香港太空馆. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2010-09-06.
  2. ^ 《清朝通志》（皇朝通志）卷十九，天文略二：“鼈十一星，黄赤道俱在丑宫”
  3. ^ 伊世同《仪象考成提要》：“按《步天歌》……斗宿内天渊十星，（《仪象考成》）少七星，鳖十四星，少三星”
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 卢央. 中国古代星占学. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社. 2007.09: 271. ISBN 978-7-5046-5073-3. 
  5. ^ 《开元占经》卷六十八
  6. ^ 伊世同 （1981年）.“中西对照恒星图表”.

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