魏孝武帝

魏孝武帝
統治532年6月13日—535年2月3日（2年235天）
出生510年
逝世535年2月3日(535歲—02—03)（24—25歲）
安葬
云陵
年號
太昌：532年四月—十二月

永兴：532年十二月

永熙：532年十二月—534年
谥号
孝武皇帝
政权北魏

魏孝武帝元脩，一说元修（510年—535年2月3日），字孝則，鮮卑族。河南郡洛阳县（今河南省洛阳市东）人，魏孝文帝元宏之孙，廣平武穆王元懷第三子，母親是李氏，是北魏最後一位皇帝。

生平

他曾被封為汝陽縣公、通直散騎侍郎、中書侍郎。建義年間，辭散騎常侍，為平東將軍、太常卿，後來又為鎮東將軍、宗正卿。530年封為平陽王。普泰初年，轉任侍中、鎮東將軍、儀同三司、兼為尚書右僕射，後又改加侍中、尚書左僕射。河阴之变后政局一片混乱，诸王大多各自逃生，元脩逃亡民间，隐居務農。

中興二年（532年）高欢击败尔朱氏，欲立元悦为帝，因无法服众，只得退而选择元脩。斛斯椿从元脩的心腹好友王思政辗转寻到元脩，元脩道：“这该不是把我出卖了吧？”高欢遂亲自前来表達誠心，泣下沾襟。元脩方才入京，四月廿五日（6月13日）即位。登基十天就杀死废帝节闵帝元恭和叔父元悦，半年后又杀死曾被拥立为帝的东海王元晔、安定王元朗。

元脩即位后与高欢的长女结成政治婚姻，夫妻彼此都没有感情。元脩与三个堂姊妹姘居，将她们都封为公主。534年與高歡決裂，高歡帶兵從晉陽南下时，元脩于七月廿八日（8月22日）率一部士兵，偕同情妇元明月及元明月的哥哥南陽王元宝炬等入關中投奔其妹夫宇文泰。

當時有「荧惑侵斗」的現象，童謠：“荧惑入南斗，天子下殿走”，讓梁武帝感到緊張，赤脚下殿跑步，希望能符应天意，化解災厄。當梁武帝得知元修西奔的消息後，羞惭地以華夷之辨的理論说：“綁著辮子的胡虜（索虏）也配符应天象吗？”因为这一天象应在元脩身上，意味元脩才是真命天子。

同年十月十七日（11月8日），高歡以元脩弃国逃跑，另立元善見為帝，十日后遷都鄴城。宇文泰让元氏诸王杀死元明月，元脩非常不高兴，闰十二月癸巳（535年2月3日），宇文泰用毒酒毒死了元脩，改立元宝炬为帝[1][2]。

元脩死後被宇文泰下令埋进草堂佛寺，十余年后才得正式安葬。西魏上諡號為孝武皇帝。東魏稱其為出帝。

家庭

魏孝武帝家族
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
高祖父：高宗文成皇帝拓跋濬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
曾祖父：显祖献文皇帝拓跋弘
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
高祖母：（追尊）文成元皇后李氏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
祖父：高祖孝文皇帝元宏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
外高祖父：南郡王李惠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
曾祖母：（追尊）思皇后李氏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
外高祖母：韩氏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
父：广平武穆王元怀
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
外曾祖父：（追封）渤海敬公高飏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
祖母：（追尊）文昭皇后高照容
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
外曾祖父：（追封）清河郡君盖氏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
孝武帝元修
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
母：李氏
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

后妃

子女

情妇

影视形象

劇名 演員
《独孤天下》(2018年電視劇)
 马敬涵

延伸阅读

[在维基数据编辑]

维基文库中的相关文本： 《魏書·卷11》，出自魏收《魏书》
维基文库中的相关文本： 《北史·卷005》，出自李延壽《北史》

参考文献

  1. ^ 《北史·卷五·魏本纪第五》：闰十二月癸巳，潘弥奏言：“今日当甚有急兵。”其夜，帝在逍遥园宴阿至罗，顾侍臣曰：“此处仿佛华林园，使人聊增凄怨。”命取所乘波斯骝马，使南阳王跃之，将攀鞍，蹶而死，帝恶之。日晏还宫，至后门，马惊不前，鞭打入。谓潘弥曰：“今日幸无他不？”弥曰：“过夜半则大吉。”须臾，帝饮酒，遇鸩而崩，时年二十五。谥曰孝武。殡于草堂佛寺，十余年乃葬云陵。始宣武、孝明间谣曰：“狐非狐，貉非貉，焦梨狗子啮断索。”识者以为索谓本索发，焦梨狗子指宇文泰，俗谓之黑獭也。
  2. ^ 《资治通鉴·卷一百五十六·梁纪十二》：魏孝武帝闺门无礼，从妹不嫁者三人，皆封公主。平原公主明月，南阳王宝炬之同产也，从帝入关，丞相泰使元氏诸王取明月杀之。帝不悦，或时弯弓，或时椎案，由是复与泰有隙。癸巳，帝饮酒，遇鸩而殂。泰与群臣议所立，多举广平王赞。赞，孝武之兄子也。侍中濮阳王顺，于别室垂涕谓泰曰：“高欢逼逐先帝，立幼主以专权，明公宜反其所为。广平冲幼，不如立长君而奉之。”泰乃奉太宰南阳王宝炬而立之。顺，素之玄孙也。殡孝武帝于草堂佛寺。谏议大夫宋球恸哭呕血，浆粒不入口者数日，泰以其名儒，不之罪也。
  3. ^ 沧州市文物局编. 《沧州出土墓志》. 北京: 科学出版社. 2007年8月: 十四–十六. ISBN 978-7-03-019523-4 （中文（中国大陆））. 
  4. ^ 余国江, 《慕容三藏墓志相关问题探析》, 《文博》 (第04期), 2021年, (第04期): 82–85 [2021-10-26], （原始内容存档于2021-12-23） 
前任：
节闵帝元恭

安定王元朗（同时期在位）

中国北魏皇帝
532－535 		繼任：
东魏孝静帝元善见
西魏文帝元宝炬

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