阿帕契族

阿帕契族人
阿帕契族在18世紀的分佈圖
阿帕契族最著名的戰士-傑羅尼莫

阿帕契族(英語:Apache)是數個文化上有關連的大平原美國原住民部族的一個總稱,阿帕契族的語言是阿帕切語系。以現時的角度排除了有關的納瓦霍族,但納瓦霍族與其他阿帕契族在文化和語言上有關連,所以也被認為是阿帕契族。阿帕契人以前分散在亞利桑那州東部、墨西哥西北、新墨西哥、部分德克薩斯州及小部分在平原上。

阿帕契族之間在政治上只有少許一致。部族使用七種不同的語言。現在阿帕契族分類包括納瓦霍族西阿帕契族ChiricahuaMescaleroJicarillaLipanPlains Apache(以前的Kiowa-Apache)。阿帕契族現時居住在奧克拉荷馬州德克薩斯州以及亞利桑那州的保留地。納瓦霍族則居住在美國的一大片保留地。部分阿帕契人已經遷居到例如紐約等大都市。

阿帕契部族歷史上相當有勢力,與白人抗爭達數世紀。美軍在不同的衝突中發現他們是兇猛的戰士和有謀的軍事家。阿帕奇族是最后一个向美国政府投降的部落,最后一位首领是傑羅尼莫[1](1829年6月16日-1909年2月17日)[2]

美軍海豹六隊在2011年5月1日深夜在巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德展開的追擊奥萨马·本·拉登代號就是「傑羅尼莫行動」[3]。在1885年當年動用了超過5000名士兵去捉拿傑羅尼莫[4]。後因遭到阿帕契族抗議,美軍將此行動改稱為「海神之矛行動」。

參考文獻

  • Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors). Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540-1542. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1940.
  • Henderson, Richard. “Replicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains.” Plains Anthropologist, V39:145-59, 1994.
  • Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.

外部連結

参考

  1. ^ Criminal Minds S01E16
  2. ^ Wives and burial place of Geronimo. AAA Native Arts.com. 2008 [2011-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-27). 
  3. ^ 獵殺拉登代號「Geronimo」. 星島日報. 2011-05-03 [2011-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-07). 
  4. ^ Osama bin Laden is no Geronimo. CBS News. 2011-05-02 [2011-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-09). 

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