阿帕契族

关于与「阿帕契族」標題相近或相同的条目，請見「阿帕奇 (消歧義)」。
阿帕契族人
阿帕契族在18世紀的分佈圖
阿帕契族最著名的戰士-傑羅尼莫

阿帕契族（英語：Apache）是數個文化上有關連的大平原美國原住民部族的一個總稱，阿帕契族的語言是阿帕切語系。以現時的角度排除了有關的納瓦霍族，但納瓦霍族與其他阿帕契族在文化和語言上有關連，所以也被認為是阿帕契族。阿帕契人以前分散在亞利桑那州東部、墨西哥西北、新墨西哥、部分德克薩斯州及小部分在平原上。

阿帕契族之間在政治上只有少許一致。部族使用七種不同的語言。現在阿帕契族分類包括納瓦霍族、西阿帕契族、Chiricahua、Mescalero、Jicarilla、Lipan及Plains Apache（以前的Kiowa-Apache）。阿帕契族現時居住在奧克拉荷馬州、德克薩斯州以及亞利桑那州的保留地。納瓦霍族則居住在美國的一大片保留地。部分阿帕契人已經遷居到例如紐約等大都市。

阿帕契部族歷史上相當有勢力，與白人抗爭達數世紀。美軍在不同的衝突中發現他們是兇猛的戰士和有謀的軍事家。阿帕奇族是最后一个向美国政府投降的部落，最后一位首领是傑羅尼莫[1]（1829年6月16日-1909年2月17日）[2]。

美軍海豹六隊在2011年5月1日深夜在巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德展開的追擊奥萨马·本·拉登代號就是「傑羅尼莫行動」[3]。在1885年當年動用了超過5000名士兵去捉拿傑羅尼莫[4]。後因遭到阿帕契族抗議，美軍將此行動改稱為「海神之矛行動」。

參考文獻

  • Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors). Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540-1542. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1940.
  • Henderson, Richard. “Replicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains.” Plains Anthropologist, V39:145-59, 1994.
  • Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.

外部連結

参考

  1. ^ Criminal Minds S01E16
  2. ^ Wives and burial place of Geronimo. AAA Native Arts.com. 2008 [2011-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-27）. 
  3. ^ 獵殺拉登代號「Geronimo」. 星島日報. 2011-05-03 [2011-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-07）. 
  4. ^ Osama bin Laden is no Geronimo. CBS News. 2011-05-02 [2011-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-09）. 

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