针鼹

针鼹科
化石时期:中新世至全新世
澳洲针鼹
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 单孔目 Monotremata
科: 针鼹科 Tachyglossidae
Gill, 1872

針鼹,即针鼹科(Tachyglossidae),通常被稱為刺食蚁兽,與鸭嘴兽同為仍然生存的单孔目动物。此科下共有三屬六種生物,其中巨針鼴屬已滅絕,其他兩屬均生活在澳大利亞新畿內亞[1]

分類

针鼹被分為三,分别為针鼹属原针鼹属巨針鼴屬。针鼹属中僅有現存的一個種;原针鼹属中五個種現存只剩三個;巨針鼴属的兩個種都已滅絕。

针鼹属

澳洲针鼹

澳洲针鼹Tachyglossus aculeatus)生活在新畿內亞東南,在接近澳大利亞的地方亦有其蹤跡,這些地區包括澳大利亞阿爾卑斯山脈及內陸沙漠地區等,尤其是在螞蟻白蟻生活的地方。牠的體形較原针鼹属動物小,但有較長的刺。

原针鼹属

原针鼹属的三個現存物種都是新畿內亞的「土著」,因被獵殺而数量逐渐减少。牠們以蚯蚓昆蟲為食。

滅絕的兩個種是:

  • Zaglossus robustus
  • Zaglossus hacketti

巨针鼹属

滅絕的兩個種是:

  • Megalibgwilia ramsayi
  • Megalibgwilia robusta

特徵 

针鼹科動物捲成球狀

针鼹是細小的哺乳动物,全身表面都由毛髮及刺所遮蓋。外表上,牠們與南美洲食蟻獸及其他有刺哺乳動物,如刺猬豪豬相似。短小但強而有力的四肢及大爪,使得牠們成為強勁的挖掘者。

牠們有著細長的口鼻部,同時有口和鼻的功能,但沒有牙齒。牠們會撕開軟木或蟻丘等,以牠們長長的及黏性的舌頭,將獵物捕獲。澳洲针鼹多以螞蟻白蟻為食糧,而原针鼹属則吃蚯蚓昆蟲

针鼹是與鸭嘴兽同樣是卵生的哺乳動物,但雄針鼴生殖器前端具有四個龜頭,四個龜頭會輪流使用,一次交配過程只用兩個,藉由收縮兩個跟膨脹兩個以進入雌性針鼴分岔的生殖道[1]。雌性针鼹會於交配後第22天,生下一個軟殼且蛋殼有延展性(革殼)的蛋,並把它放入育兒袋中。孵化約需10天的時間,幼獸會從母親的乳腺啜食母乳。在育兒袋內約45-55天,幼獸會開始長出刺。母親此時會開始挖掘洞穴安置幼獸,約每5天回來餵養一次,直至幼獸於7個月大後斷奶為止。

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 愛的列車終點站. 國家地理雜誌. No. 258 (大石國際文化): 21. ISSN 1608-2621. 

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