那曲酮
那曲酮 读音 商品名 Revia、Vivitrol、Depade、其它 其他名稱 EN-1639A; UM-792; ALKS-6428; N -cyclopropylmethylnoroxymorphone; N -cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydromorphinone; 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a685041 核准狀況
懷孕分級 给药途径 口服给药 , 肌肉注射 , 皮下植入器 ATC碼 法律規範
生物利用度 5–60%[ 5] [ 6] 血漿蛋白結合率 20%[ 5] [ 2] 药物代谢 肝臟 (非-CYP450 )[ 10] 代謝產物 6β-Naltrexol 、其它[ 5] 藥效起始時間 30 分鐘[ 7] 生物半衰期 口服 (Revia):[ 2] • Naltrexone: 4 小時 • 6β-Naltrexol : 13 小時 口服 (Contrave):[ 3] • Naltrexone: 5 小時肌肉 (Vivitrol):[ 4] • Naltrexone: 5–10 天 • 6β-Naltrexol: 5–10 天 作用時間 >72 小時[ 5] [ 8] [ 9] 排泄途徑 尿 [ 2]
(4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1H -4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7-one
CAS号 16590-41-3 Y PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.036.939 化学式 C 20 H 23 N O 4 摩尔质量 341.41 g·mol−1 3D模型(JSmol ) 熔点 169 °C(336 °F)
O=C4[C@@H]5Oc1c2c(ccc1O)C[C@H]3N(CC[C@]25[C@@]3(O)CC4)CC6CC6
InChI=1S/C20H23NO4/c22-13-4-3-12-9-15-20(24)6-5-14(23)18-19(20,16(12)17(13)25-18)7-8-21(15)10-11-1-2-11/h3-4,11,15,18,22,24H,1-2,5-10H2/t15-,18+,19+,20-/m1/s1
Y Key:DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N
Y
纳曲酮 (Naltrexone,同時有 ReVia 和 Vivitrol 兩個商品名)主要用于治療酒精 或阿片类药物依赖 的药物 [ 7] 。阿片类药物依赖者在戒毒前不应服用纳曲酮[ 7] 。有口服或肌肉注射 兩者劑型可使用[ 7] 。效果在 30 分钟内开始出现[ 7] 。不过,对阿片类药物的渴望可能需要几周的时间才能消失[ 7] 。
副作用可能包括睡眠困难 、焦虑 、恶心 和头痛 [ 7] 。对于仍在使用阿片类药物的患者,可能会出现阿片类药物戒断症状 [ 7] 。不建议肝功能衰竭 的患者使用[ 7] 。目前还不清楚怀孕 期间使用是否安全[ 7] [ 12] 。纳曲酮是一种類阿片拮抗剂 ,可以阻断類阿片 (包括体内 和体外)的作用[ 7] 。
纳曲酮于 1965 年首次制造,并于 1984 年在美国取得医疗使用許可[ 7] [ 13] 。它被列入世界卫生组织基本药物清单 [ 14] 。在 2019 年,美国的批发成本约为每天 0.80 美元[ 15] 。缓释型注射藥剂每月花费约 1,267 美元(每天 41 美元)[ 15] 。纳曲酮,即纳曲酮/安非他酮 ,也用于治疗肥胖症 [ 16] 。
参考文獻
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^ 4.0 4.1 Vivitrol- naltrexone kit . DailyMed. 10 March 2021 [13 June 2022] . (原始内容存档 于30 May 2022).
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^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com . Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [9 November 2017] . (原始内容存档 于9 November 2017).
^ Colasanti A, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt D. Opioids Neuroimaging. Miller PM (编). Biological Research on Addiction. Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders 2 . Elsevier. 2013: 675–687. ISBN 9780123983350 . doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-398335-0.00066-2 .
^ Lee MC, Wagner HN, Tanada S, Frost JJ, Bice AN, Dannals RF. Duration of occupancy of opiate receptors by naltrexone . Journal of Nuclear Medicine. July 1988, 29 (7): 1207–1211 [29 October 2021] . PMID 2839637 . (原始内容存档 于29 October 2021).
^ Sevarino KA, Kosten TR. Naltrexone for Initiation and Maintenance of Opiate Abstinence. Dean RL, Bilsky EJ, Negus SS (编). Opiate Receptors and Antagonists . Humana Press. 2009: 227 –245. ISBN 978-1-58829-881-2 . doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-197-0_12 .
^ Anvisa . RDC Nº 784 – Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] . Diário Oficial da União . 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023] . (原始内容存档 于3 August 2023) (巴西葡萄牙语) .
^ Tran TH, Griffin BL, Stone RH, Vest KM, Todd TJ. Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women. Pharmacotherapy. July 2017, 37 (7): 824–839. PMID 28543191 . doi:10.1002/phar.1958 .
^ Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A.; Sussman, Norman. Kaplan & Sadock's Pocket Handbook of Psychiatric Drug Treatment . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012: 265. ISBN 9781451154467 . (原始内容 存档于2017-12-05) (英语) .
^ World Health Organization . The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
^ 15.0 15.1 NADAC as of 2019-07-17 | Data.Medicaid.gov . Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. [16 July 2019] . (原始内容 存档于2019-07-16) (英语) .
^ Naltrexone/bupropion for obesity. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin. November 2017, 55 (11): 126–129. PMID 29117992 . doi:10.1136/dtb.2017.11.0550 .