邝露

鄺露
《鄺露抱琴圖》之鄺露像,清.禹之鼎繪 現藏於廣東省博物館
《鄺露抱琴圖》之鄺露像,.禹之鼎
現藏於廣東省博物館
大明
籍貫廣東南海縣
族裔漢族
原名鄺瑞露
字號字湛若,號海雪
出生萬曆三十二年(1604年)
廣東南海縣
逝世永曆四年(1650年)
廣東南海縣
親屬曾祖父鄺夢肖、祖父鄺彭齡、父鄺思浩
鄺鴻(子)
著作
  • 著有《雜記》、《赤雅》、《嬌雅》等

鄺露(1604年—1650年),原名瑞露湛若海雪广东南海人,明末著名文人。

生平

鄺露初名瑞露,生于世代书香之家。祖鄺彭龄为进士,曾任知县;父思浩,廪生,有才名。邝露工于诗词,是明末广东著名诗人;还精于骈文;又是篆、隶、行、草、楷各体兼擅的有成就的书法家,其草书字迹劲秀,师法王羲之而自成一格。邝露还通晓兵法、骑马、击剑、射箭,又是古文物鉴赏家和收藏家。他又是一个秉性不羁,鄙视金钱,不慕科名,蔑视传统礼法的“奇人”。崇禎七年(1634年)上元節,不慎衝撞南海縣令黃熙出巡儀仗隊,被迫亡命廣西,與瑤民一同生活。寫成《赤雅》三卷,反映瑶族风土人情。崇祯十二年,南海县令黄熙受贿获罪,邝露得以返家。唐王在福州时,官中书舍人。喜收藏。家有“海雪堂”,富藏书。永历中,奉使归广州。永历四年(1648年)清兵入侵广东,鄺露拒不降清,抱琴绝食而死。宋琴“南风”、唐琴“绿绮台”被清兵所得,售之市上,为归善(今惠阳)人叶龙文所購得。[1]有《杂记》、《赤雅》、《娇雅》等书。長子鄺鴻與清兵激戰而死[2][3]

參考書目


注釋

  1. ^ 张铁文《可园》
  2. ^ 《袁崇焕杂考》:崇祯元年(公元1628)四月,命袁崇焕为兵部尚书兼右副都御史督师蓟辽登莱天津军务,有司再三敦促在东莞家乡的袁崇焕上道。是时休致居家的翰林院编修陈子壮(与袁崇焕同榜进士)约梁国栋、黎密、邝瑞露及崇焕幕宾邓桢、梁稷等十九人在广州举行盛大的饯别会,会上,各人赋诗送别,并由赵焞夫绘成《袁督师督辽饯别图》,各人将所赋的诗写于图右,由邝瑞露(按:邝露的初名)题曰:《东莞袁崇焕督辽饯别图诗》。陈子壮是崇焕的同科进士,“明进士题名碑”也有他的名字,他当然见过载明崇焕是广西藤县籍的登科录之类的文件,他让邝露在“袁崇焕”之上冠以“东莞”二字,分明在饯别会上之人认为崇焕是东莞人。邝露的从兄邝湛之(按:邝露字湛若,湛之当是其从兄之字)是崇焕部将,战死于辽东。邝露与崇焕幕宾梁稷是好友,他当然知道崇焕的籍贯,所以径题“东莞”。
  3. ^ 《诗书琴韵成绝响•一生失意抱琴终》:古琴遗音 “绿绮台”古琴辗转流离仍在人间 邝露不仅是诗人、书法家,还擅长古琴,是一位品格极高的琴人。   其平生珍爱两张名琴,一为宋琴“南风”(曾是宋理宗赵昀的内府珍品,今藏山东省博物馆),一为唐琴“绿绮台”,据屈大均《广东新语》载,“绿绮台”曾属明武宗朱厚照所有,后以琴赐大臣刘某,明末归邝露所得。据载,绿绮台与春雷、秋波、天蠁(响)被誉为岭南“四大名琴”,在琴界有极高声誉。   邝露出游必携二琴,有时穷困也将其暂质于当铺,待有钱时又赎回,故其诗有“四壁无归尚典琴”之句。顺治七年清兵攻广州,邝露抱琴,从容殉国。   邝露殉国后,琴被清兵所抢,售于市上,为归善(今惠阳)人叶龙文以百金所得。叶氏某日泛舟丰湖,邀请当时文士一起雅聚,席中叶氏抱出绿绮台,诸人一见先朝遗物,都唏嘘不已,当场赋诗,以屈大均之作最脍炙人口,其中“我友忠魂今有托,先朝法物不同沉”之句,更是一字一泪。康熙年间,著名诗人王士禛(渔洋)亦有诗“海雪畸人死抱琴,朱弦疏越有遗音”来咏邝露。后来此琴由叶龙文后人保存了数代,至道光末年,叶氏家人以穷困将琴质于当铺无力赎还,被东莞人张敬修买下。   张敬修是莞城望族,抗清名将张家玉之后人,又是广东四大名园之一东莞可园的主人。他得到绿绮琴后专门在可园中辟“绿绮楼”以宝藏之。后在民国初年,张家中落,琴亦以破残不堪修复而售于同邑邓尔雅。   邓尔雅是杰出的书法家、篆刻家,他与可园张家素有交往,深知此琴的意义,因此他所得虽是一张朽琴,却视同性命。1944年,邓尔雅筑于香港大埔的“绿绮园”曾被台风吹毁,连邓所藏大量书籍文物均遭破坏,从废墟中抢救出的绿绮台却安然无恙,邓尔雅视为奇迹,随即迁居九龙以安顿名琴,直至邓氏临终之际,仍命家人将琴放在病榻畔,抚摸不舍以至最后一息。   邓尔雅身后,此琴至今保存于家人手中,曾有数度因经济拮据而欲出售,初时愿以市区房屋一幢即可,后终因谈价未谐而告吹,近年又传出开价四百万港元之巨。

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