謝火馬

謝火馬，或稱射火馬、燒火馬，是焚化紙紮馬隻（火馬、使馬）作祭品的台灣民俗科儀。

歷史

一說與孤魂信仰有關。依台南市後壁區崁頂勸善堂廟公黃神賜在1948年口述，緣起於清末欽差官林進由諸羅縣押解庫銀，途中遭盜賊攔截，官兵在搭乘竹筏到八掌溪崁頂岸邊後，最後於沼澤被淹死。村民為安撫亡靈，在池府千歲聖誕農曆六月十七日同一日舉行祭拜。[1]勸善堂也有說法是祭祀在八掌溪舊河道沼澤地械鬥的亡靈[2]。崁頂里長莊碧珠則說村民在村口沼澤殺盜匪，為讓亡魂解脫，因此有此燒火馬儀式[3]。

另一說是瘟神信仰。象徵驅趕瘟神、祈求豐收，在農業社會很盛行。火馬相傳為神將坐騎，以前用稻草製成，後來失傳後按馬形體以竹子編製骨架。[4]

崁頂勸善堂廟內小型火馬

原先崁頂的習俗是用馬造型的紙糊黏在香爐，在祭拜亡靈時點燃，以答謝池王爺出面化解冤魂不平之氣。2005年，謝藏伍擔任崁頂村長後，才將小體積的紙糊馬隻，改成用木材製作的大型火馬。為了吸引遊客，前往鹽水武廟取經，設計可以讓蜂炮由馬腹中射出來，並到漚汪找紙紮師傅，才完成今日大型火馬的原始造型。當時一隻大型火馬製作成本約三萬台幣。[2]

桃園市龜山區嶺頂里壽山巖觀音寺也派人前往南臺灣學習此科儀[5]，在農曆正月初十舉行[4]。

雲林縣水林鄉蕃薯厝順天宮也有此儀式，是用竹子編製紙馬，在元宵節舉行三天繞境夜巡射火馬活動，適逢馬年更擴大舉辦[6]。

2016年時，崁頂勸善堂廟方準備的火馬數量達三十四隻，較去年多六隻、較前年多十六隻[3]，2020年「後壁崁頂放火馬」登錄為台南市無形文化資產[1][2]。

崁頂勸善堂廟埕火馬

儀式

崁頂的儀式會在農曆六月十七日下午三時舉行，勸善堂乩童先在案前起乩，一手持香一手拿法器，然後騎上紙糊馬發號施令，祭典正式展開。火馬依次施放，蜂炮從馬腹部射出，接著廟方人員對淋上汽油，最末燒庫銀紙錢，由池王乩童帶領眾人敬酒。[2]

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 王涵平. 台南射火馬20日登場 今年火馬多達34隻. 《自由時報》. 2016-07-11 [2016-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25） （中文（臺灣））. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 翁聖權. 後壁勸善堂射火馬祭典登場. 《中華日報》. 2016-07-20 [2016-07-27] （中文（臺灣））. [永久失效連結]
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 王志弘. 燃燒吧！火馬！　讓亡靈解脫. 《蘋果日報》. 2014-07-13 [2016-07-27] （中文（臺灣））. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 康鴻志. 失傳50年 謝火馬祈好運. 《中國時報》. 2014-02-07 [2016-07-27] （中文（臺灣））. 
  5. ^ 康鴻志. 謝火馬迎5媽祖 雨神也難擋. 《中國時報》. 2014-02-10 [2016-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-03） （中文（臺灣））. 
  6. ^ 李政遠. 沖天炮射火馬　燒完解厄運. 《蘋果日報》. 2014-02-11 [2016-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14） （中文（臺灣））. 

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