言语知觉的运动理论(Motor theory of speech perception),是一种认为人们通过辨认发音的声道姿势而非语言的发音习惯来理解话语的假说[1][2][3][4][5]。它最初声称言语知觉是通过一个人类天生特有的特殊模块完成的。虽然这个模块在近几年的理论中得到认证,[5]但人们还是认为言语运动系统的角色不仅是产生发音,还有检测它们。
使用言语合成器时,语音可以沿着一个连续的发音位置变化,从/ba/到/da/到/ga/,或语音发生时间的连续(例如/da/到/ta/)。当听者被要求区分两个不同的声音时,他们认为这属于非连续的声音,虽然声音是连续变化的。换句话说,十种声音(从一个声音的极端/da/到另一个极端/ta/,以及中间按比例变化的声音)可以全部是声学上彼此不同的,但听者将把这些声音全部听成/da/或/ta/。同样,英语辅音/ d /在不同的语音语境中可能会有听觉细节上的不同(例如,/du/和/di/中的/d/严格来说发音并不相同),但所有/d/’ 听者都会归为同一类(浊齿龈塞音),这是因为“语言表述是抽象和规范的语音部分或其背后的发音姿势。[17]” 这表明,人类通过类别知觉识别语音。因此,像言语知觉的运动理论所提出的专门模块,有可能是正确的[18]。
^ 8.08.18.28.3Liberman, A. M.; Delattre, P. C.; Cooper, F. S.; Gerstman, L. J. The role of consonant-vowel transitions in the perception of the stop and nasal consonants. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied. 1954, 68 (8): 1–13. doi:10.1037/h0093673.PDF (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^ 13.013.1Fowler, C. A.; Rosenblum, L. D. Duplex perception: A comparison of monosyllables and slamming doors. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance. 1990, 16 (4): 742–754. PMID 2148589. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.16.4.742.
^MacLeod, A.; Summerfield, Q. Quantifying the contribution of vision to speech perception in noise. British Journal of Audiology. 1987, 21 (2): 131–141. PMID 3594015. doi:10.3109/03005368709077786.
^Fowler, C. A.; Dekle, D. J. Listening with eye and hand: Cross-modal contributions to speech perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance. 1991, 17 (3): 816–828. PMID 1834793. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.17.3.816.
^Nygaard LC, Pisoni DB. Speech Perception: New Directions in Research and Theory. J.L. Miller, P.D. Eimas (编). Handbook of Perception and Cognition: Speech, Language, and Communication. San Diego: Academic Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-12-497770-9.
^Porter Jr, R. J.; Lubker, J. F. Rapid reproduction of vowel-vowel sequences: Evidence for a fast and direct acoustic-motoric linkage in speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 1980, 23 (3): 593–602. PMID 7421161. doi:10.1044/jshr.2303.593.
^Wilson, S. M.; Saygin, A. E. P.; Sereno, M. I.; Iacoboni, M. Listening to speech activates motor areas involved in speech production. Nature Neuroscience. 2004, 7 (7): 701–702. PMID 15184903. doi:10.1038/nn1263.
^Tsao, F. M.; Liu, H. M.; Kuhl, P. K. Speech perception in infancy predicts language development in the second year of life: A longitudinal study. Child Development. 2004, 75 (4): 1067–84. PMID 15260865. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00726.x.
^MacNeilage, P. F.; Rootes, T. P.; Chase, R. A. Speech production and perception in a patient with severe impairment of somesthetic perception and motor control. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 1967, 10 (3): 449–67. PMID 6081929. doi:10.1044/jshr.1003.449.
^Hickok, G.; Poeppel, D. The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2007, 8 (5): 393–402. PMID 17431404. doi:10.1038/nrn2113. See page 394
^Hickok, G.; Poeppel, D. The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2007, 8 (5): 393–402. PMID 17431404. doi:10.1038/nrn2113. See page 394
^Williams, H.; Nottebohm, F. Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: A motor theory for song perception in birds. Science. 1985, 229 (4710): 279–282. PMID 4012321. doi:10.1126/science.4012321.