蒙兀兒

蒙兀兒,即蒙古一词在波斯语中的转音。蒙兀兒人的意思即是蒙古人,是波斯人稱呼居住于東察合台汗國白帳汗國蒙古人[1]蒙兀兒斯坦的意思即是蒙古人之地方,是波斯人稱呼東察合台汗國白帳汗國時使用的術語。

東察合台汗國所指为北到塔爾巴哈台,西至伊塞克湖巴爾喀什湖,東至阿爾泰山,南至畏兀兒的綠洲。基本上天山以北整個新疆北部,楚河塔拉斯以及費爾干納谷地也算是蒙兀兒斯坦(即是哈萨克吉尔吉斯)。一般察合台汗國分为分为畏兀儿斯坦(Uyghurstan),阿尔蒂沙尔(Alti-Shahr,意思是六城:莎車喀什和田阿克苏烏什英吉沙),和西部蒙兀兒斯坦(Moghulistan)。

東察合台汗國第一任可汗禿忽魯帖木兒统治下,蒙兀兒人集体皈依伊斯兰教,而第五任可汗马哈麻加速了蒙兀兒人伊斯兰化进程。這個地區原是由东察合台汗国管辖,但到了15世紀,大批遊牧民脫離烏茲別克阿布海兒汗,跟隨朮赤系的蘇丹克烈汗與賈尼別克前往此地。东察合台汗国也先不花二世羽奴思汗把一塊蒙兀兒斯坦的土地(庫齊巴什),收留了他們,從此這就是哈薩克汗國的一部分。察合台汗國也愈來愈局限在南疆。這地方後來成為哈薩克汗國的大玉茲,居民是康里烏孫杜格拉特札剌亦兒等部落。有研究者认为,至羽奴思汗时,蒙兀兒人的穆斯林身份已被伊斯兰世界所接纳[1]

在17世紀這裡成為準噶爾部的地方,蒙兀兒人也逐漸融入維吾爾人中。

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 潘祖刚、刘烨. 《论蒙兀儿人的伊斯兰化》. 内蒙古统战理论研究 (内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市: 内蒙古社会主义学院). 2011, (2010年第4期). ISSN 1674-2524. (原始内容存档于2021-04-21) (简体中文). 

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