英国执法机构列表

英国有許多參與執法的機構，基本可以分為三種類型：

  • 地區警察部隊：這些是覆蓋警察區域並具有獨立警察機關的警察部隊。 現有的警察部隊通过《1996年警察法》[1]、《1967年警察法》[2]、《2000年警察法》[3]《以及2012年警察和消防改革法》[4]規定了一些事项，如警察局長，司法管轄的責任和任命。
  • 國家執法機構：包括擁有特定非區域管轄權的國家犯罪局和國家警察部隊，例如英國運輸警察局。《2005年嚴重有組織犯罪和警察法》[5]將這些人稱為「特種警察部隊」，（不包括不是警察部隊的NCA）。 此外，也有非警務執法機構，其中的人員虽然不是警官，但仍職行法律，並有其單獨的調查機構。
  • 其他警察部隊：大多數情況是在較早的立法或普通法中有其根基。 这些部门不在適用於上述組織的法律範圍之内，而是負責監管特定的本地區域或活動，例如鐵路、港口或公園。 在相關立法通過之前，它們通常被稱為「特種警察部隊」（該法律通過之後國家機構被稱為特種警察部隊），比如在2003年《鐵路和運輸安全法》[6]通過之前，英國運輸警察就是這樣一支部隊。

英國的大多數執法工作是由屬地警察部隊執行的，他們負責監督公眾及其活動。其他類型的機構则有更具體的监管事務。幾個世紀以來，英國警察部隊有很大的變化，原来有很大一部分已經不存在了。

属地警察部队

英国的大部分警务工作由这4个地区的45支属地警察部队负责。这些部队最终负责各自警察辖区内的所有执法和维持治安的工作。情况如下：

英國每个地区的警察部队都管辖一个或多个地方政府区域（县），大倫敦[7]例外，因為该区域在1974年地方政府重组后被称为「警区」。这些部队为英格兰和威尔士的公众提供大部分的警务服务。这些部队在历史上一直被称为「内政部警察部队」，因为中央政府部门内政部负责并提供给这些警察部队大部分资金。这些部队的行动控制权仅由各部队的首席警官（警务总长或有关伦敦警察厅和伦敦金融城警察部队的各专员）掌握。在2012年被警察和犯罪专员所取代之前，每一支部队都由一个警察当局监管。

参见

  1. ^ UK. 1996年警察法. [2023-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-11）. 
  2. ^ UK. Police Act 1967. [2023-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）. 
  3. ^ UK. Police Act 2000. [2023-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-14）. 
  4. ^ UK. Police and Fire Reform Act 2012. [2023-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-30）. 
  5. ^ UK. Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005. [2023-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-18）. 
  6. ^ UK. Railway and Transport Safely Act 2003. [2023-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-06）. 
  7. ^ 英格蘭的一個郡。

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