苏族

苏族
Očhéti Šakówį
坐牛，拉科塔人Hunkpapa（英语：Hunkpapa）分支的首领及圣人，1885
總人口
170,500+(2010年) [1]
分佈地區
 美国（南达科他州、明尼苏达州、内布拉斯加州、蒙大拿州、北达科他州），
加拿大 加拿大 （曼尼托巴、萨斯喀彻温、阿尔伯塔）
語言
英语, 苏族语, 法语
宗教信仰
基督教 （包括“合一”syncretistic）、Midewiwin
相关族群
阿西尼博因人, Stoney (Nakoda), and other Siouan peoples

苏族（法語：Sioux），是北美平原印第安人中的一个民族。广义的苏族可以指任何语言属于印第安语群苏语组的人。

苏族人主要分为三大部分：

  • Isanti：（意为“刀”，名称来源于明尼苏达湖）居住在达科他州和明尼苏达州的东端以及爱荷华州北部。通常称为桑蒂（Santee）或东达科他（Eastern Dakota）。
  • Ihanktowan(a)：（意为“尽头处的(小)村庄”）住在明尼苏达河流域，他们被认为是中部苏族，通常称为杨克顿（Yankton）或西达科他（Western Dakota）。
  • Teton或Tetonwan ：（意或为大草原上的居民），是西部苏族，以捕猎和战斗文化而闻名，常被称为拉科塔，他们于2007年宣布自美国独立[2]。

苏族人原居北美五大湖以东地区，务农，主要种玉米。有过图画文字，崇拜太阳。十九世纪初以来，由于殖民者与白人的压迫和屠杀，部分西迁到大草原，曾一度组成“草原大联盟”。后来，部分又被迫辗转迁徙，终于被集中到南达科他、北达科他等州几个瘠小的印第安保留地，现存约17万人。

参见

延伸阅读

参考资料

  1. ^ United States Census Data (PDF). [2007-08-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-08-29）. ew and their daughters 15 married 25 or over
  2. ^ 拉科塔自由：自由！拉科塔苏族印第安人宣布独立为主权国家（英文） 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-12-31.

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