脑化指数

物种 脑化指数 (EQ)[1]
人 7.4-7.8
宽吻海豚属 4.14[2]
虎鲸 2.57-3.3[2][3]
黑猩猩属 2.2-2.5
普通猕猴 2.1
鲸 1.8
大象 1.13-2.36[4]
狗 1.2
猫 1.00
马 0.9
羊 0.8
小鼠属 0.5
大家鼠 0.4
兔 0.4

脑化指数（英語：Encephalization quotient, EQ）是一个用来描述动物大脑和身体比例关系的量，即真實腦容量和預期腦容量的比值，可大致表示該動物的智力[5] 。

腦化指數和相似的腦體質量比（脑容量與體重的比值）比起來為較好的指標，因為它考慮了異速生長的因素。腦化指數的關係與公式只適用於哺乳類，不適用於其他動物[6]。

腦與身體的大小關係

一般而言，動物腦的大小應隨身體變大而增大（呈正相關），體型較大的動物應有比小動物更大的腦部[7]。但這樣的關係不是線性的，小動物的腦部占身體的比例較大型動物為大，即擁有相對上較大的腦部，老鼠的腦部身體質量比為1/40（接近人類的比值），而大象雖智力甚高，其腦部身體質量比卻小的多，只有1/560[7][8] 。

導致這種趨勢的原因有很多，其中之一可能是神經元的大小固定，當動物的腦部變大時，神經元的增加導致腦部增加的比例較身體其他部分的增加為少，這種現象引入了「頭部集中化指數」（cephalization factor）；E = CS2，其中E與S分別是身體與腦部的質量，而C是頭部集中化指數。但只考慮身體和腦部的關係是不夠的，應同時考慮動物全身的大小，

参考资料

  1. ^ Gerhard Roth und Ursula Dicke. Evolution of the brain and Intelligence. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences. 2005-05, 9 (5): 250. PMID 15866152. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.005. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Marino, Lori. Cetacean Brain Evolution: Multiplication Generates Complexity (PDF). International Society for Comparative Psychology (The International Society for Comparative Psychology). 2004, (17): 1–16 [2010-08-29]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-09-16）. 
  3. ^ Marino, L. and Sol, D. and Toren, K. and Lefebvre, L. Does diving limit brain size in cetaceans? (PDF). Marine Mammal Science. 2006, 22 (2): 413–425 [2011-05-18]. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00042.x. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-10-01）. 
  4. ^ Shoshani, Jeheskel; Kupsky, William J.; Marchant, Gary H. Elephant brain Part I: Gross morphology, functions,comparative anatomy, and evolution. Brain Research Bulletin. 30 June 2006, 70 (2): 124–157. PMID 16782503. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.03.016. 
  5. ^ G.Rieke. Natural Sciences 102: Lecture Notes: Emergence of Intelligence. [2011-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-31）. 
  6. ^ Moore, J. (1999): Allometry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, University of California, San Diego
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 存档副本. [2011-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-20）. 
  8. ^ Hart, B.L.; L.A. Hart, M. McCoy, C.R. Sarath. Cognitive behaviour in Asian elephants: use and modification of branches for fly switching. Animal Behaviour (Academic Press). November 2001, 62 (5): 839–847 [2007-10-30]. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1815. （原始内容存档于2010-01-07）. 

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