翠绿石板

17世纪对翡翠石板的想象性描绘 -昆哈特所著,1609版的《永恒智慧的露天剧场》(Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae)

翠綠石板》(英語:Emerald Tablet),又名艾默拉德石板 拉丁語Tabula Smaragdina),是一块相传刻有赫密士·特里斯密吉斯托斯所撰文字的石板,它被认为是赫密士主義的哲学基础,也是中世纪煉金術发展的重要依据。

尽管公认的作者是赫密士,但翡綠石板的内容来源仍不明确,具体的发现时间与发现者也存有争议。它最早出现在阿拉伯语著作中,并在12世纪时由西班牙翻译家烏戈·桑塔耶翻译为拉丁语,而牛顿在进行煉金術研究时又将其从拉丁译文转译为英语。

石板的发现,来自一本15世纪的煉金術宣传册《曙光升起英语Aurora consurgens

传说与争议

有关翠绿石板最早的记载源自一部阿拉伯语著作,目前的主流观点有三个:

  1. Kitab Ustuqus al-Uss al-Thani (《基础元素之第二册》):公元8世纪,贾比尔所著[1]
  2. Kitāb Sirr al-ḫalīqa (《造物之秘》), also named Kitāb al-῾ilal (《起源之书》):公元650 - 813年,巴利纳斯,既伪-阿波罗尼乌斯所著。由于中世纪的伊斯兰世界十分推崇他的思想,故有多本著作假借其名出版,并非本人所撰。[2]
  3. 赫密士文集》:公元1-3世纪,多人合著之精选集。

根据观点2,应是古罗马哲学家提亞納的阿波羅尼烏斯在公元1世纪,于赫尔墨斯的墓穴中一个赫尔墨斯的雕像下[3](另说戴着金冠的尸体手中[4])发现了翠绿石板。不过也有人[5]提出是亚历山大大帝在公元前4世纪发现了它。甚至根据伊斯兰传说,是亚伯拉罕的妻子萨拉,在希伯仑山谷的赫尔墨斯墓穴中其本人的尸体手中拿到了石板,但这种说法并未给出具体时间[6]

根据观点3,在书中一篇名为 Kore Kosmou(世界本源)的对话录中,记录了伊西斯和赫尔墨斯的谈话。其中提到赫尔墨斯:

“所有只要是他所通晓的知识,都被刻进石头里藏起来;而所有后来者为了能够获取它们,都应该去找寻。”[7]

拉丁文版本

内容

根据已有的英译本,通常将拉丁文版本作为十四行。

下文由1514年纽伦堡出版的Chrysogonus Polydorus完美教学总论 Summa perfectionis magisterii [8]的另一版本)中给出的拉丁文版本转译:

Verum, sine mendacio, certum et verissimum:

这是确凿,无瑕的真理,

Quod est inferius est sicut quod est superius, et quod est superius est sicut quod est inferius, ad perpetranda miracula rei unius.

上方之物正如下方之物,反之亦然。

Et sicut res omnes fuerunt ab uno, meditatione unius, sic omnes res natae ab hac una re, adaptatione.

又因万物皆源于一物,故一物的思索可衍化为万物。

Pater eius est Sol. Mater eius est Luna, portavit illud Ventus in ventre suo, nutrix eius terra est.

太阳是其父,月亮是其母,风儿将它置于腹中携带,大地是它的看护。

Pater omnis telesmi totius mundi est hic.

万物之父,世界的先知在此。

Virtus eius integra est si versa fuerit in terram.

若是它降临于世,即拥有完整无敌的力量。

Separabis terram ab igne, subtile ab spisso, suaviter, magno cum ingenio.

伴随着崇敬与智慧,你应愉快的从烈火中分离泥土,从粗鄙中分离精细。

Ascendit a terra in coelum, iterumque descendit in terram, et recipit vim superiorum et inferiorum.

它直冲云霄,然后再次落下,吸收天地之力。

Sic habebis Gloriam totius mundi.

然后你将会拥有世界的荣耀。

Ideo fugiet a te omnis obscuritas.

因此,所有的障碍都会远离你。

Haec est totius fortitudinis fortitudo fortis, quia vincet omnem rem subtilem, omnemque solidam penetrabit.

这是最强的力量,因为它将战胜所有精巧之物,穿透所有坚硬之物。

Sic mundus creatus est.

世界即是如此创造而成。

Hinc erunt adaptationes mirabiles, quarum modus est hic. Itaque vocatus sum Hermes Trismegistus, habens tres partes philosophiae totius mundi.

依此步骤(所得)是奇迹般的演化。而在这世上拥有三重智慧的分身的我也因此得名赫密斯。

Completum est quod dixi de operatione Solis.

我说,有关太阳的任务已经完成。

文中有关 telesmi (有时也作Thelesmi)一词存在争议。一说是源自希腊语 τελεσμός (telesmós)[9],意为祝圣仪式,但在这里这一解释并不符合语境。译者猜测是暗示奥德赛中能够预见未来的先知 Telemus ,希腊语 Τήλεμος (Telemos) ,来展现一物的惊人力量(诗中他曾预言波吕斐摩斯会因为奥德修斯而失去视力)。

參考資料

  1. ^ M. Th Houtsma. First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936 p. 594
  2. ^ Katharine Park, Lorraine Daston. The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 3, Early Modern Science. Cambridge University Press, 2006. p.502
  3. ^ Seeger 1955. S. 37.
  4. ^ Florian Ebeling. The Secret History of Hermes Trismegistus: Hermeticism from Ancient to Modern Times. Cornell University Press, 2007. p. 46-47, 96
  5. ^ 艾爾伯圖斯·麥格努斯
  6. ^ Journal des Savants, 1709. 链接页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Hemetic writings, The Virgin of the world页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England G. A. Russell BRILL, 1994
  9. ^ Lorenzo Rocci,Vocabolario greco-italiano, Roma-Città di Castello, Ed. Soc. Dante Alighieri - Ed. S. Lapi, 1952.

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