^Jerry W. Ward, Jr., "To Shatter Innocence: Teaching African American Poetry", in Teaching African American Literature, ed. M. Graham, Routledge, 1998, p. 146, ISBN041591695X.
^Radhika Mohanram and Gita Rajan, English Postcoloniality: Literatures from Around the World, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1996, p. 135, ISBN0313288542.
^Henry Louis Gates, Jr., The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African American Literary Criticism, New York: Oxford, 1988, p. xix, ISBN0195034635.
^Henry Louis Gates Jr., "The Blackness of Blackness: A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey", in Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan (eds), Literary Theory: An Anthology, 2nd edn, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, p. 988.
^Gates, "The Blackness of Blackness", in Literary Theory (2004), p. 992.