印有弗朗西斯·埃里亚斯·斯宾纳肖像和签名的半美元辅币 美国纸质辅币 是指南北战争 爆发后美国联邦政府 发行的小面额 辅助纸币。这些纸币面值均低于一美元，包括三美分、五美分、十美分、15美分、25美分和半美元（50美分）六种，从1862年8月21日开始至1876年2月15日止共发行五版[ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
發行期間
面值
第一版
1862年8月21日
$0.05
第二版
1863年10月10日
$0.05
第三版
1864年12月5日
$0.03
第四版
1869年7月14日
$0.10
第五版
1874年2月26日
$0.10
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, p. 174.
^ Cuhaj, p. 401.
^ Kravitz
Anderson, George L. The proposed resumption of silver payments in 1873 . Pacific Historical Review (University of California Press). 1939, 8 (3): 301–316. JSTOR 3633807 doi:10.2307/3633807 Blake, George Herbert. United States paper money . George H. Blake. 1908: 32 [2020-08-15 ] . Cuhaj, George S. Standard Catalog of United States Paper Money 31. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. 2012: 407 . ISBN 978-1-4402-3087-5 Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. Paper Money of the United States: A Complete Illustrated Guide With Valuations 19th. Coin & Currency Institute. 2010 [2020-08-15 ] . ISBN 978-0-87184-519-1 Knox, John Jay. United States Notes: A history of the various issues of paper money by the government of the United States 3rd. Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1888. Kravitz, Robert J. A collector's guide to postage & fractional currency: The pocket change of the Union 2nd. Coin & Currency Institute. 2012. ISBN 978-087184-204-6 Mitchell, Wesley C. The circulating medium during the Civil War . Journal of Political Economy (The University of Chicago Press). 1902, 10 (4): 537–574 [2020-08-15 ] . JSTOR 1820246 doi:10.1086/250880 原始内容 存档于2021-05-05）. Mitchell, Wesley C. A history of the greenbacks . The University of Chicago Press. 1903 [2020-08-15 ] . National Monetary Commission. Financial laws of the United States 1778–1909 . Washington, DC.: Express Printing Co. 1911 [2020-08-15 ] . Reed, Fred. One hundred and fifty summers ago Civil War postage stamp envelopes circulated as small change. Paper Money (Society of Paper Money Collectors). 2012, 280 (07/08): 298–304. Rothbard, Murray N. A History of Money and Banking in the United States – The Colonial Era to World War II . Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. 2002 [2020-08-15 ] . ISBN 0-945466-33-1 Spaulding, Elbridge G. History of the Legal Tender Paper Money issued during the Great Rebellion 2nd. Buffalo, NY: Express Printing Co. 1869: 165 –166 [2020-08-15 ] . ISBN 978-087184-204-6
-$0.50-Fr.1328.jpg)
