贝拉的研究生阶段在哈佛大学,攻读社会学与远东语言的联合培养计划。在本科时,贝拉第一次接触到塔尔科特·帕森斯的研究工作,当时其高等荣誉论文的导师是大卫·阿贝尔(David Aberle),此人曾在帕森斯门下受业。[15]帕森斯对贝拉之宗教进化和「公民宗教」种种概念特富兴趣。1955年,贝拉获得哲学博士学位,[16]博士论文题为《德川日本的宗教与社会》(Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan),[17]将马克斯·韦伯之新教伦理文章扩展到日本。论文后来在1957年以《德川宗教》(Tokugawa Religion)之名出版。
贝拉的巨著《人类进化中的宗教》(Religion in Human Evolution,2011年)[21]追溯宗教在生物和文化上的起源及二者之间的相互影响。德国社会学家、哲学家尤尔根·哈贝马斯对这部作品评论道「这本大作是一位顶尖的社会理论家耕耘丰饶的学术生涯,在智识上的丰收;他在这摄人心魄的课题中广纳生物学、人类学和历史学多方的文献。在这片领域,我不知还有哪项研究是如此富有雄心、无所不包」。[22]此书获得美国社会学会宗教社会学分会的杰出书籍奖。[23]
贝拉最著名的作品当属1985年出版的《心灵的习性》(Habits of the Heart),探索美国社会中宗教扮演的角色,讨论宗教如何对美国的公共利益作出贡献、制造损害。他认为美国人在个人主义和对共同体的渴求中撕裂,这种张力随之反映在美国人的宗教信仰之中。[24]贝拉对宗教和道德问题及它们之与社会的联系所作的研究也极著名;还有同美国公民宗教有关的研究,这一术语由贝拉造就于1967年一篇文章中,发表后在学界引起了广泛关注。[25][26]
罗伯特·贝拉在哈佛曾任多个职位,自1955年开始,至1967年得到伯克利加州大学福特社会学教授的职位为止。他的观点常被归为社群主义一类。[27]贝拉有全传名为《欢乐的严肃之人:罗伯特·贝拉的一生》(A Joyfully Serious Man. The Life of Robert Bellah),作者社会学家马泰奥·博尔托利尼(Matteo Bortolini),已由普林斯顿大学出版社于2021年秋出版。[28]
^Bellah, Robert N. A Reply to My Critics. First Things (New York: Institute on Religion and Public Life). 2013-06 [2019-11-18]. ISSN 1047-5141. (原始内容存档于2016-05-06).
——. Community Properly Understood: A Defense of ‘Democratic Communitarianism’. Etzioni, Amitai (编). The Essential Communitarian Reader. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 1998: 15–19. ISBN 978-0-8476-8827-2.
Bortolini, Matteo. Before Civil Religion: On Robert Bellah’s Forgotten Encounters with America, 1955–1965. Sociologica. 2010, 4 (3). ISSN 1971-8853. doi:10.2383/33646.
Bortolini, Matteo; Cossu, Andrea. Two Men, Two Books, Many Disciplines: Robert N. Bellah, Glifford Geertz, and the Making of Iconic Cultural Objects. Law, Alex; Lybeck, Eric Royal (编). Sociological Amnesia: Cross-Currents in Disciplinary History. Abingdon, England: Routledge. 2015: 37–552016. ISBN 978-1-317-05314-9.
Gardner, Stephen. The Axial Moment and Its Critics: Jaspers, Bellah, and Voegelin. Alison, James; Palaver, Wolfgang (编). The Palgrave Handbook of Mimetic Theory and Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2017: 95–101. ISBN 978-1-137-53825-3. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-53825-3.
Giesen, Bernhard; Šuber, Daniel. Bellah, Robert N.. Ritzer, George (编). Encyclopedia of Social Theory 1. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications: 49–50. 2005. ISBN 978-1-4522-6546-9.
Horowitz, Daniel. The Anxieties of Affluence: Critiques of American Consumer Culture, 1939–1979. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press. 2005. ISBN 978-1-55849-504-3.
Miles, Jack. Review of “Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age” by Robert N. Bellah and “The Axial Age and Its Consequences” Edited by Robert N. Bellah and Hans Joas. Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 2013, 81 (3): 852–864. ISSN 1477-4585. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lft045.
Rousseau, Nathan (编). Robert Bellah et al. on Individualism and Community in America. Self, Symbols, and Society: Classic Readings in Social Psychology. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2002: 317–343. ISBN 978-0-7425-1631-1.
Thompson, Kenneth. Durkheim and Durkheimian Political Sociology. Amenta, Edwin; Nash, Kate; Scott, Alan (编). The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. 2012: 27–35. ISBN 978-1-4443-5507-9. doi:10.1002/9781444355093.ch3.
Wood, Richard. Bellah, Robert Neelly (1927–). Shook, John R. (编). The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers 1. Bristol, England: Thoemmes Continuum: 182–187. 2005. ISBN 978-1-84714-470-6.
Yamane, David. Bellah, Robert N.. Swatos, William H., Jr. (编). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press. 1998 [2018-09-07]. ISBN 978-0-7619-8956-1. (原始内容存档于2023-05-30).
延伸阅读
Bellah, Robert N. Meaning and Modernity: America and the World. Madsen, Richard; Sullivan, William M.; Swidler, Ann; Tipton, Steven M. (编). Meaning and Modernity: Religion, Polity, and Self. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2002: 255–276. ISBN 978-0-520-22657-9.
Reno, R. R.; McClay, Barbara (编). Religion and the Social Sciences: Conversations with Robert Bellah and Christian Smith. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books. 2015. ISBN 978-1-4982-3643-0.