级 (语法)

级范畴,是语言学中的术语,是关于形容词副词的性质、状态在用于比较时的不同程度的语法范畴,属于比较常见的一类语法范畴

级別

级范畴可能包括以下几类:

在特定语言中可能更多或更少。大多数语言中只有前三种广为应用。

语言范例

希腊语

希腊语有四种级:

级别 (新)希腊语 汉语
原级 (ευγενικός)/ewjenikós/ 礼貌地
比较级 (ευγενικότερος)/ewjenikóteros/ 更礼貌地
最高级 (ο ευγενικότερος)/o ewjenikóteros/ 最礼貌地
绝对最高级 (ευγενικότατος)/ewjenikótatos/ (大约译为)非常礼貌地/极其礼貌地/无比礼貌地

英语、德语

英语德语荷蘭語均为日耳曼语系语言,其语法有共通之处。

英语、德语、荷蘭語中级范畴有三个“比较等级”(英語:degrees of comparison):原级(英語:the positive degree),比较级(英語:the comparative degree),最高级(英語:the superlative degree[1]。 在英语和德语中,不同的形容词和副词的级范畴所使用的语法手段是多样的。 英语拥有以下的三种,而德语只拥有前两种。

语法手段 原级
英语/德语/荷蘭語
比较级
英语/德语/荷蘭語
最高级
英语/德语/荷蘭語
异干互补 good/gut/goed(好) better//besser/beter(更好) best/best 或 am besten/best(最好)
附加词缀 fast/schnell/snel(快) faster/scheller/sneller(更快) fastest/schnellst 或 am schnellsten/snelst(最快)
使用虚词 beautiful(美) more beautiful(更美) most beautiful(最美)

参见

  1. ^ 张道真. 实用英语语法. 外语教学与研究出版社. 2002. 

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