網走湖

網走湖
網走湖
呼人湖岸的網走湖
網走湖在北海道的位置
網走湖
網走湖
網走湖在北海道的位置
位置北海道鄂霍次克綜合振興局
坐标43°58′0″N 144°10′0″E / 43.96667°N 144.16667°E / 43.96667; 144.16667
类型海跡湖、汽水湖
所在国家 日本
表面积32.28平方公里（12.46平方英里）[1]
平均深度6.1米（20英尺）
最大深度16.8米（55英尺）
水体体积1.3平方公里（0.50平方英里）
岸长139.20公里（24.36英里）
表面海拔0米（0英尺）
1岸长衡量标准不定。
從天都山眺望網走湖。中央左側陸地為呼人半島 中央右後方是能取湖
衛星空拍圖

網走湖（日语：網走湖／あばしりこ abasiri-ko），是一個橫跨日本北海道網走市及網走郡大空町的湖泊。是網走国定公園的一部分。在約6,000年前，網走湖曾是鄂霍次克海的海灣。隨著海面後退和地盤上升，約在1200年前時，網走湖由海灣變為湖泊。

地理

位於北海道的東北部。網走川由湖的南方流入，匯集了女滿別川等河流之後，再由湖的東北部流出，流入鄂霍次克海。東岸的半島稱為呼人半島（よびとはんとう）。

湖面的高度與海水同高，因此滿潮時海水會由下游逆流進入，所以在湖底聚集了鹽度較高的水，形成了無氧層。但是在降水量較多的時期，因為湖面較高，抑制了海水的流入，因此湖水的鹽分濃度較低，無氧層也會變得較深。

大正時期此地年降水量比現在還多100mm左右，使得網走湖幾乎維持為淡水湖的狀態。相反地，降水量較少的年份讓無氧層上升，讓西太公魚等魚類往湖面聚集，提升了漁獲量。

  • 流入河川：網走川、女滿別川、トマップ川、サラカオーマキキン川
  • 流出河川：網走川

利用

網走湖划船場有日本划船協會網走湖公認的1000米賽程，每到夏天，日本全國的競艇選手會聚集到此處進行練習。

冬季湖面會結冰，釣客在此處垂釣西太公魚。網走湖的養殖漁業發達，除了1982年從藻琴湖引進的大和蜆[2]、鯉魚、西太公魚的養殖之外，還進行鮭魚、鱒魚的幼魚培養。銀魚也是本地漁獲之一。

生態

周圍的濕地有日本榿木和水芭蕉（日语：ミズバショウ）群落生長，特別是在大空町一帶的湖岸的「女滿別濕性植物群落」，被指定為國家的天然紀念物。

周邊森林是蒼鷺築巢地。網走川流出部分東側是天都山（207公尺），可一覽網走湖、鄂霍次克海及能取湖。

觀光

  • 水芭蕉等濕生植物群落（4 - 5月）
  • 網走湖划船場（はまなす国体ボート会場）
  • 網走湖划船場露營場
  • 女滿別湖畔露營場
  • 女滿別湖畔「龍舟競技」「花火大會」（7月）
  • 採蜆（女滿別湖畔/夏季）
  • 釣西太公魚（冬季結冰期間）
  • 發現北方新大陸！暖洋洋的網走（冬季結冰期間）

湖畔設施

交通

湖的東岸有國道39號與JR石北本線、北岸有國道238號（日语：国道238号）、西岸有北海道道104號網走端野線（日语：北海道道104号網走端野線）通過。女滿別湖畔等女滿別地區的最近車站是女滿別站，划船場等網走地區的最近車站是呼人站，另有網走巴士（日语：網走バス）行駛於國道39號及國道238號。

註釋

  1. ^ 国土地理院. 平成26年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調 湖沼面積 (PDF). 2015-03-06 [2015-03-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-04-02）. 
  2. ^ じょれんびき漁業（網走湖） （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）網走市公式ホームページ

參考文獻

  • Limnology 5(3), 185-189, (2004) Yoji Nakajima et al. Vertical distributions of stable isotopic compositions and bacteriochlorophyll homologues in suspended particulate matter in saline meromictic Lake Abashiri
  • 月刊海洋 33(7), 477-482,（2001）中島陽司、南川雅男 還元環境下の窒素循環と窒素同位体比記録

相關條目

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：網走湖

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