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累进可除数

累进可除数(英語:Polydivisible number)是有以下特質的整數:首個位非零,而且由它首個位組成的數是倍數

例如345654:

而123456就非累进可除数,因為1234不是4的倍數。

累进可除数可以在不同的进位制中定義。本條目僅談論十進制中的情況。

背景

累进可除数是趣味數學上的一道名題的一般化:

用1至9排列成一個數,使其首2個位能被2除盡,首3個位能被3除盡,如此類推,整個數是9的倍數。

雖然9位的累进可除数有2492個,但唯一一個包含1至9的數字而不重覆的只有一個,是381,654,729。

累进可除数的數目

位的累进可除数,若有之間有數可以被整除,便可以擴充一個位,成為n位的累进可除数。若,必定可以由位的累进可除数擴充成n位的累进可除数,且有多於一個可行的擴充辦法。反之,若越大,能夠擴充成為另一個累进可除数的辦法隨之而越少。因此,將累进可除数的分布畫成曲線圖,會得出一條鐘形曲線

平均來說,每個位的累进可除数擴充成n位的累进可除数有種方法。這產生了以下這條用以估計n位的累进可除数數目的公式(以表示位累进可除数的數目):

將所有之值加起來套入此式,就得出所有累进可除数的數目:

藍線—實際的數目;紫線—估計的數目
位數 估計值
1 9 9
2 45 45
3 150 150
4 375 375
5 750 750
6 1200 1250
7 1713 1786
8 2227 2232
9 2492 2480
10 2492 2480
11 2225 2255
12 2041 1879
13 1575 1445
14 1132 1032
15 770 688
16 571 430
17 335 253
18 180 141
19 90 74
20 44 37
21 18 17
22 12 8
23 6 3
24 3 1
25 1 1

最長的累进可除数有25位,等於360,852,885,036,840,078,603,672,5。

相關問題

  • 泛位數中數字0~9各出現一次的累進可除數,唯一的解是381,654,729,0
  • 在累进可除数上的數字運用加上限制。例如:求最長的累进可除数其數字均為偶數。答案是480,006,882,084,660,840,40。
  • 找尋回文累进可除数。這類數最長的是300,006,000,03。
  • 找出其他進位制中的累进可除数。

外部連結

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