第二次利比里亞內戰

第二次利比里亞內戰

第二次利比里亚内战期间身份不明的利比里亚武裝分子
日期1999年4月21日[1] – 2003年8月18日
(4年3个月又4周)
地点
结果

查尔斯·泰勒武裝勝利

参战方

利比里亚 利比里亞政府

革命联合阵线
Rally of Democratic Forces of Guinea英语Rally of Democratic Forces of Guinea

利比里亚 Rebel groups:

几内亚 几内亚
塞拉利昂 塞拉利昂
支持:

 科特迪瓦
 英国
 美国
 中華民國
指挥官与领导者
利比里亚 查尔斯·泰勒
利比里亚 Benjamin Yeaten英语Benjamin Yeaten
利比里亚 Charles McArther Emmanuel英语Charles McArther Emmanuel
Sam Bockarie英语Sam Bockarie 處決
利比里亚 查尔斯·久德·布赖恩特
利比里亚 Sekou Conneh英语Sekou Conneh
利比里亚 Thomas Nimely英语Thomas Nimely
几内亚 兰萨纳·孔戴
兵力
1,250–1,500 (2002年)[2]
利比里亚 FAL:
11,000—14,000 (2002)
12,000 (2003)[3]
利比里亚 Militias:
16,000 (2003)[3]
(2003):[3]
利比里亚 35,000 LURD
利比里亚 14,000 MODEL
伤亡与损失
~50,000遇難[4]

第二次利比里亚内战是1999年至2003年發生在利比里亞境內的武裝衝突,而在此之前的1996年,该国才结束第一次内战查尔斯·泰勒在第一次利比里亚内战胜利后,于1997年上台为利比理亚总统。第一次内战结束后,该国获得了两年的短暂和平。1999年,一个由几内亚政府支持的反政府组织利比里亚和解与民主联盟英语Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy(LURD)首先在比里亚北部进行了反泰勒武装斗争。该组织很快的在北部对泰勒方面取得进展,并在2002年初开始逼近首都蒙羅維亞利比里亚民主运动(MODEL)是利比里亚第二个反政府武装组织,并于2003年初在利比里亚南部开展反泰勒军事行动,然后迅速攻占了南部的大部分地区。此时查尔斯·泰勒只控制了利比里亚的三分之一领土,在蒙罗维亚围城的情势压力下,查尔斯·泰勒于2003年8月辞职,逃往尼日利亚[5]

2003年8月18日,交战各方签署了《阿克拉全面和平协定英语Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement》,标志着第二次利比里亞內戰结束,利比里亚开始向民主过渡。並且由查尔斯·久德·布赖恩特擔任利比里亞临时总统。

第二次利比里亚内战导致超过50,000人死亡,另有数千人在国内流离失所。冲突中,泰勒方面和利比里亚和解与民主联盟都广泛使用了童兵联合国利比里亚特派团被部署在该国,直到2018年正式撤出。

概述

背景介绍

LURD英语Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy 指挥官“Gen. Cobra”和他的卫队

第一次利比里亚内战于1997年8月结束,查尔·泰勒上台成为利比里亚总统。1989年12月,泰勒和他的民兵--利比里亚全国爱国阵线(NPFL)从象牙海岸边境方向发动反塞缪尔·多伊政府军事行动,推翻了塞缪尔·多伊总统,从而引发了这场战争。NPFL迅速征服了利比里亚防了首都蒙罗维亚除外大部分地区,该地区由约翰逊王子领导的独立的利比里亚全国爱国阵线(INPFL)的一个分裂集团控制。1990年9月,INPFL抓获并处决了多伊,并抵制了NPFL夺取蒙罗维亚的企图,使泰勒无法取得彻底的胜利,并将战争延长了多年。1996年,主要派别之间签署了一项和平协议,并促成了1997年的利比里亚大选。

泰勒以75%的压倒性选票赢得了总统选举的胜利,并且他的全国爱国党在利比里亚立法机构中占主导地位,他的成功主要是由于他对媒体的控制。但由于对失败后战争会重新开始的恐惧,以及利比里亚公众对民主进程的普遍不熟悉。泰勒迅速建立的政权成为了一个极权腐败的政府,许多持不同政见者纷纷逃往邻国。泰勒建立利比里亚作为地区强国的野心导致他支持叛乱团体,如几内亚民主力量联盟在RFDG叛乱中的支持和塞拉利昂内战中的革命联合阵线。这使他与几内亚和塞拉利昂政府发生冲突,作为报复,它们开始支持逃到它们国家的反泰勒持不同政见者。



参考文献

  1. ^ Kieh, George Klay. The roots of the second Liberian civil war. International Journal on World Peace. 2009, 26 (1): 7–30. JSTOR 20752871. Gale A197186608 ProQuest 219282049. 
  2. ^ Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Europa Publications, Routledge. 2003: 608. In October 2002 the ONU panel of Expert reported that some 1,250-1,500 former RUF combatants continued to operate in élite Liberian military units, under the command of Liberian General Benjamin Yeaten, but with continuing loyalty to Bockarie. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Escola de Cultura de Pau. Liberia (inglés)[失效連結] pp. 3
  4. ^ De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios. [2022-06-02]. (原始内容存档于2012-01-26). 
  5. ^ 國際危機組織, ‘Liberia: The Key to Ending Regional Instability,’ 24 April 2002, p.8

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