馬瑟寫下了超過450本書籍和小冊子,他的著作在當時的美洲可說是無處不見,使他成為美洲最有影響力的宗教領袖之一。他樹立了殖民地的道德基準,呼籲自英格蘭移民到美洲殖民地的清教徒第二代、第三代回歸到清教主義的神學本質。這些著作中最重要的是《基督在美利堅的榮光造物(英语:Magnalia Christi Americana)》(1702年),此著作由七本書組成,分為兩卷。
勞勃·波以耳對馬瑟的職業生涯影響深遠。馬瑟在1680年代將波以耳的著作《Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy》仔細地從頭到尾閱讀了一遍,他早期的科學與宗教著作受到波以耳很大的影響,著作中的用詞幾乎都和波以耳相同[5]。
在《數名牧師的回覆》(Return of the Several Ministers)中,矛盾地論述了是否該允許幽靈證據的使用。信件的原始完整版本經過翻印後,被收錄在1692年因克瑞斯·馬瑟所著《良心案》(Cases of Conscience)的最後兩頁。這是一份奇怪的文件,將這充斥著混亂與爭執的資料來源保存了下來。卡里夫稱之為:
五年後,馬瑟以匿名發表的《菲普斯的人生》(Life of Phips,1697年)中收錄了《數名牧師的回覆》的翻印文,並刻意省略掉了最關鍵的「首兩段與最後那段」,雖然這幾段在他1692年初秋貿然出版的《未知世界的困惑(英语:Wonders of the Invisible World)》中也有收錄,早已獲得了許多關注。
到了1721年,年輕一代的波士頓人都沒有經歷過天花疫情,他們基本上並不害怕天花[44]。同年4月22日,英國海軍船艦「海馬號」(HMS Seahorse)帶著天花病原,從西印度群島返回港口。儘管當時的人們試圖通過隔離來保護城鎮居民,但到了5月27日,波士頓已經出現了八起天花病例。截至六月中旬,該疾病以驚人的速度蔓延。隨著新一波的天花疫情持續蔓延,許多居民也逃到了較偏僻的農村。人口外流、隔離、外來貿易對象的恐慌等種種問題一同襲來,在這殖民地的首都鬧得人仰馬翻。衛兵駐紮在眾議院,以防任何未經特別許可的波士頓人進入。到了九月份,死亡人數來到101人,而市政委員(英语:Board of selectmen)們對此根本無能為力。據說情況已經糟到「要嚴格地限制喪鐘可被敲響的時間長度」[45]。
《新英格蘭新聞(英语:The New-England Courant)》上刊載了反對此作法的聲音。根據這家報刊所刊載的內容,波士頓的民眾擔心接種不但不會阻止疾病的擴散,反而還會助長它。不過,有些歷史學家,如H·W·布蘭德斯(英语:H. W. Brands)認為這是因為報刊的總編輯詹姆斯·富蘭克林(英语:James Franklin (printer))(班傑明·富蘭克林的哥哥)站在反對立場[50]。反對輿論的源頭是波士頓的約翰·威廉斯(John Williams),他提出了條理分明的反對論點,說明天花接種違反醫學原則[51]。包括約翰·威廉斯在內的幾位反對人士認為,天花接種的實施違反了醫學的自然規律,讓醫生從治療他人者轉變為傷害他人者[52]。如同大多數的殖民地居民,威廉斯生活中的各部分都深刻地受到了清教徒信仰的影響,在此案件中,他也引用了聖經來強調他的論點。他所引用的章節是《馬太福音》9:12,「耶穌聽見,就說:康健的人用不著醫生,有病的人才用得著。」甚至在1721年11月,還有某個極端份子朝馬瑟的家投擲一顆引信已經點燃的手榴彈[53][54]。
波士頓的威廉·道格拉斯(英语:William Douglass (physician))醫生為此議題寫了一本小冊子,題為《The Abuses and Scandals of Some Late Pamphlets in Favour of Inoculation of the Small Pox》(1721年),講述了有關天花接種的濫用與醜聞。道格拉斯醫生曾在歐洲取得了醫學學位,以當時的人來說相當優秀。
《基督在美利堅的榮光造物》總共由七本書組成,包括他曾於1697年在倫敦以匿名形式出版的《Pietas in Patriam: The life of His Excellency Sir William Phips》。評論家們讚美了這本書,說這本書正確地紀錄下美洲殖民地的建立以及當地人民的發展,是此類型書籍中成果最好的之一[78]。
《基督徒哲學家》
1721年,馬瑟出版了《基督徒哲學家》(The Christian Philosopher),這是美洲第一部有系統的科學著作。馬瑟試圖在書中展現出牛頓式科學和宗教之間是如何和諧共處的。書中有部分理論是基於勞勃·波以耳的《基督徒的品德(英语:The Christian Virtuoso)》(1690年)。
此書還有一部分靈感來自於12世紀的小說《自修的哲學家》,作者為伊斯蘭哲學家伊本·圖菲利。雖然馬瑟將伊斯蘭教批評為異教,但他還是將這部小說的主角哈義·伊本·葉格贊(Hayy ibn Yaqdhan)視為基督教哲學家和一神論科學家的理想典範。馬瑟認為哈義是一位「高貴野蠻人」,並試圖透過哈義的例子來了解美洲原住民,馬瑟認為這有助於將美洲原住民轉變為清教徒。
^羅伯特·米德爾考夫(英语:Robert Middlekauff), The Mathers: Three Generations of Puritan Intellectuals, 1596–1728, Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1999.
^Richard Abanes, End-Time Visions. Four Walls Eight Windows, New York, 1998.
^羅伯特·卡里夫(英语:Robert Calef), More Wonders of the Invisible World, London, UK: Nath Hillar on London Bridge: 152, 1700
^查爾斯·溫特沃思·阿珀姆. Salem Witchcraft and Cotton Mather. The Historical Magazine and Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities, History and Biography of America. Second. Vol. VI no. 3 (Morrisania, NY: Henry B. Dawson). 1869-09: 140 [2016-04-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-08).
^Three independent contemporary sources place him there: Thomas Brattle, Samuel Sewall, and Robert Calef. Brattle refers to him "C.M." in Burr Narratives (Scribner, 1914) p. 177. Calef's account is also reprinted in Burr "Narratives" p. 360. Diary of Samuel Sewall (MHS, Boston, 1878) p. 363
^Hopkins, Donald R. (2002). The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History; ISBN0-226-35168-8, p. 140.
^Needham, Joseph, Part 6, Medicine, Science and Civilization in China, 6. Biology and Biological Technology, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 154, 2000.
^Coss, Stephen. (2016). The Fever of 1721: the Epidemic that Revolutionized Medicine and American Politics. New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 87; ISBN9781476783086
^Cooper, William, A Letter from a Friend in the Country, Attempting a Solution of the Scruples and Objections of a Conscientious or Religious Nature, Commonly Made Against the New Way of Receiving the Small Pox, Boston: S. Kneeland: 6–7, 1721 庫珀顯然和柯爾曼一起合作寫下了這篇文章,因為這篇文章中有關接種的內容幾乎都與柯爾曼的《A Narrative of the Method and Success of Inoculating the Small Pox in New England》中寫的一樣。
^Colman, A Narrative of the Method and Success of Inoculating the Small Pox in New England, 1722
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