拉伸模量 Ka 衡量拉伸双分子层所需的能量,而弯曲模量Kb衡量弯曲双分子层所需的能量。弯曲模量衡量使膜从其固有曲率变形到另一曲率所需的能量。固有曲率由构成双分子层分子头部基团的直径与尾部基团的直径的比例决定——对于头部基团为磷脂酰胆碱,有两个烃基的磷脂分子,该比值接近1,因此固有曲率几乎为零(层状结构)。如果一种脂质的固有曲率与零相差较大,则该种脂质难以形成层状结构,而是形成其他相,例如胶束或反胶束。在富含半乳糖脂的类囊体薄膜中添加较小的亲水性分子(如蔗糖),会打破双分子层的稳定性,变为胶束相[66]。一般情况下 Kb 并非由实验测定,而是由 Ka 和双分子层厚度计算得到。
磷脂双分子层的另一个潜在应用是生物传感器领域。磷脂双分子层依靠其上的其他分子承担许多信号转导功能。多年来,研究人员一直试图利用这种潜力开发出一种能用于例如临床诊断或生物恐怖主义检测等情况的设备。该领域目前进展缓慢,尽管已有少数公司已开发出基于双分子层的自动检测系统,但这些设备的受众仍然局限于研究领域,而非日常生活。其中包括 Biacore(现为GE Healthcare Life Sciences),该公司提供一种一次性芯片,能够用于结合动力学研究中[83];此外,Nanion Inc. 开发了一种自动膜片钳(英语:Automated patch clamp)系统[84]。 其他更奇特的应用也在试验中,例如使用磷脂双分子层孔用于DNA测序。迄今为止,该技术尚未证明具有商业可行性。
大约在同一时间,人造双分子层的发展证实完全由脂质构成的双分子层也是一种稳定的结构,可以独立于蛋白质而存在。Paul Mueller 和 Donald O. Rudin 通过在疏水性材料上做出小孔,之后向小孔注射磷脂在有机溶剂中的溶液,制作出了人造双分子层。实验表明,该人造双分子层表现出横向流动性。高电阻和对穿刺的自我修复能力[97],而这些同时也是天然生物膜的性质。数年后,亚力克·邦汉姆(Alec Bangham)发现,脂质体(空心球状的磷脂双分子层)可以简单地通过将干燥的脂质置于于水中而形成[98]。这是一个重要的发现,因为其证明磷脂双分子层可以通过自组装自发形成,而不需要经由外部力量有意识的组装而成。这一过程可能与最初生命的形成有关。
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