硝酸正戊酯

硝酸正戊酯


英文名	n-Amyl nitrate 1-Nitrooxypentane 1-Pentyl nitrate
别名	硝酸戊酯
识别
CAS号	1002-16-0 ^Y
PubChem	61250
ChemSpider	55191
SMILES	[O-][N+](=O)OCCCCC
UN编号	1112
EINECS	213-684-2
性质
化学式	C₅H₁₁NO₃
摩尔质量	133.15 g·mol⁻¹
密度	1.022±0.06 g·cm⁻³
熔点	<0 °C^[1]
沸点	104 °C（377 K）
溶解性（水）	0.11 g
磁化率	-76.4·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
危险性
GHS危险性符号
GHS提示词	警告
H-术语	H226, H315, H319
P-术语	P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P280, P302+352, P303+361+353, P305+351+338, P321, P332+313, P337+313
相关物质
相关化学品	硝酸乙酯
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硝酸戊酯是具有示性式为CH₃ (CH₂ )₄ONO₂ 的有機化合物。该分子由连接到正戊基的硝酸酯官能基所组成。 ^[2]它是正戊醇的硝酸酯，可由其硝化反应制得。^[3]

反应

硝酸戊酯是一种硝化试剂，如和环辛酮反应，生成2-硝基环辛酮。^[4]

应用

硝酸烷基酯在有机合成中可作為反應试剂。^[5] 硝酸戊酯用作柴油燃料中的添加剂，通过加速燃料的点火起到“點火改进剂”的作用。 ^[6]

参考資料

^ "PhysProp" data were obtained from Syracuse Research Corporation of Syracuse, New York (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2021-07-10]
^ EPA on Pentyl nitrate (PDF). [2021-07-10]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-07-31）.
^ Jichao An, Peipei Liu, Mengyuan Si, Wenhao Li, Pan He, Bo Yang, Guanyu Yang. Practical catalytic nitration directly with commercial nitric acid for the preparation of aliphatic nitroesters. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 2020, 18 (34): 6612–6616 [2021-07-10]. ISSN 1477-0520. doi:10.1039/D0OB01519A （英语）.
^ Banert, Shinkai (编). Category 5, Compounds with One Saturated Carbon Heteroatom Bond: Nitro, Nitroso, Azo, Azoxy, and Diazonium Compounds, Azides, Triazenes, and Tetrazenes. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag. 2010 [2021-08-03]. ISBN 9783131189417. doi:10.1055/sos-sd-041-00002. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）（英语）.
^ Zajac, W. W. Jr. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. 2001. ISBN 0471936235. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn051. |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
^ Amyl Nitrate | Cameo Chemicals | Noaa. Cameochemicals.noaa.gov. [2016-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-08）.

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