瞼板腺

瞼板腺
圖中的Openings of Tarsal glands就是瞼板腺出口
基本信息
系統Integumentary
标识字符
拉丁文glandulae tarsales
MeSHD008537
TA98A15.2.07.042
TA26833
FMAFMA:71872
《解剖學術語》

瞼板腺（tarsal glands）又稱麥氏腺（meibomian glands）是一種在眼瞼周圍的特殊皮脂腺，位於瞼板（英语：tarsal plate）之中。主要的功能為分泌油脂層，以延緩水液層的蒸發。此外油脂層還可維持淚液膜的表面張力，避免淚液流到臉頰，並可潤滑眼瞼及眼球的接觸面，使眼睛閉起時，可維持眼皮和眼球之間維持氣密的狀態[1]。上眼皮大約有50個瞼板腺，而下眼皮大約有25個瞼板腺。

瞼板腺不健全會造成乾眼症，這是一種很常見的眼疾。也因此可能造成眼瞼炎，眼瞼炎是眼瞼邊緣皮膚發炎的現象。它通常會影響雙眼，如果瞼板腺受到感染則會變成瞼板腺炎。阻塞物可以被細菌的解脂酵素分解，因而釋放脂肪酸，這些脂肪酸可以刺激眼睛，有時可以造成角膜炎。

麥氏腺的名稱來自於一名德國醫生Heinrich Meibom（英语：Heinrich Meibom (doctor)）（1638年-1700年）。

功能

麥氏層

瞼板腺的分泌物又稱為麥氏層（meibum），本詞彙由尼古拉德斯（Nicolaides）等人於1981年首次提出[2]。油脂是麥氏層的最主要成分[2]人類的瞼板腺大約會分泌90種的蛋白質。[3]

參考資料

  1. ^ "eye, human." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Nicolaides, N; Kaitaranta, JK; Rawdah, TN; Macy, JI; Boswell, FM; Smith, RE. Meibomian gland studies: comparison of steer and human lipids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Apr 1981, 20 (4): 522–536. PMID 7194326. 
  3. ^ Tsai PS, Evans JE, Green KM, Sullivan RM, Schaumberg DA, Richards SM, Dana MR, Sullivan DA. "Proteomic analysis of human meibomian gland secretions." Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar;90(3):372-7. PMID 16488965.

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