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看門狗新聞學
看門狗新聞學（watchdog journalism）也稱為監督新聞學，是指傳播媒體告知大眾有關社會以及政府組織的進展，特別是在社會大眾中有關注特定議題，希望得到回應的情形。看門狗新聞學可能包括：
- 有關政府公職人員以及企業負責人發言的事實查核。
- 針對公眾人物的專訪，詢問大眾關注的議題。
- 獨家報導，在一些大多數人無法參與的會議中蒐集資訊，再觀察社會大眾的反應。
- 调查报导，針對單一事件，用較長時間蒐集整理資訊所得的報導。
看門狗新聞學的概念類似護衛犬，護衛犬在陌生人接近時會吠叫提醒主人注意，看門狗新聞學則是在發現一些問題時提醒社會大眾注意。常見的主題像是政府的決策流程、企業醜聞、不法或不道德的活動、消费者保护議題，以及環境惡化議題，
看門狗新聞學的報導可以出現在許多不同的新聞媒體，例如電台廣播、电视、互联网及大眾媒體（這稱為是「報紙的獨特優勢」） [1]，也可以出現在一些新媒體上，例如網誌及民間記者。這類型的記者也稱為是watchmen[2]、社会管控中介（agents of social control）或道德守護者
（moral guardians）[3]。
相關條目
腳註
- ^ Ward 2005
- ^ Hanitzsch 2007, p.373
- ^ Berger 2000, 84
參考資料
- Berger, Guy. Grave New World? Democratic Journalism Enters the Global Twenty-first Century. Journalism Studies. 2000, 1 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1080/146167000361186.
- Brunetti, Aymo; Weder, Beatrice. A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics. 2003, 87 (7–8): 1801–1824. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00186-4.
- Collins English Dictionary (2009): Watchdog, HarperCollins Publishers New York.
- Coronel, S. S. (2008): The Media as Watchdog （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Harvard.
- Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what's news: A study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
- Hanitzsch, Thomas. Deconstructing Journalism Culture: Toward a Universal Theory. Communication Theory. 2007, 17 (4): 367–385. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00303.x.
- Hanitzsch, Thomas. Populist disseminators, detached watchdogs, critical change agents and opportunist facilitators. International Communication Gazette. 2011, 73 (6): 477–494. doi:10.1177/1748048511412279.
- Kohut, A. (2001): Public Support for the Watchdog Is Fading. Columbia Journalism Review, New York.
- Kull, Steven; Ramsay, Clay; Lewis, Evan. Misperceptions, the Media, and the Iraq War (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 2003, 118 (4): 569–598 [2020-01-31]. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00406.x. hdl:2027/uc1.31822024771362. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-13）.
- Marder, Murrey. This is Watchdog Journalism. Nieman Reports. Vol. 52 no. 2. 1998a [2020-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-24）.
- Marder, Murrey. Arrogance Wins? American Journalism's Identity Crisis. Nieman Reports. Vol. 52 no. 3. 1998b [2020-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-18）.
- Mojares, R. B.(2006): Biography: Eugenia Duran Apostol, Ramon Magsaysay Awards Foundation.
- Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard (2012): Investigative Journalism: Being a Watchdog, Getting Paid, Cambridge.
- Overholser, G. & Jamieson, K. H. (2005): The press, Oxford University Press 2005.
- Pasti, Svetlana. Two Generations of Contemporary Russian Journalists. European Journal of Communication. 2005, 20: 89–115. doi:10.1177/0267323105049634.
- Ward, B (2005): Watchdog Culture: Why You Need it, How You Can Build it. In Poynter.org St. Petersburg, FL.
- worldsofjournalism.org https://web.archive.org/web/20120110180236/http://www.worldsofjournalism.org/pilot.htm
- Yuezhi, Zhou. Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-Deng China. Journalism Studies. 2000, 1 (4): 577–597. doi:10.1080/146167000441312.
外部連結
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