相对漏电起痕指数

相对漏电起痕指数(英語:Comparative Tracking Index,缩写为 CTI ),是用来度量绝缘材料电击穿(电痕破坏)性能的指数。

漏电起痕发生在绝缘材料表面,由于介質损耗的存在,固体电介质在电场中会逐渐发热升温,温度的升高又会导致固体电介质电阻的下降,使电流进一步增大,损耗发热也随之增大。在电介质不断发热升温的同时,存在一个通过电极及其他介质向外不断散热的过程。如果同一时间内发热超过散热,则介质温度会不断上升,以致引起电介质分解碳化,而碳化的材料导电性比原先的绝缘材料更好,放电电流进一步增大,产生更多热量使碳化部分扩大,最终延伸至电极导致短路。[1]

测试

过大的电压差会缓慢地在材料表面形成导电性强的碳化通路。IEC 60112标准明确了其测试方法。

将50滴0.1%浓度的氯化铵溶液滴在3 mm材料上并测量施加在材料两端的最大电压差作为材料的性能参数。耐漏电起痕指数(PTI)是指对五个测试样品做上述测试,所有样品均通过测试不产生漏电起痕的最大电压。

性能等级类别(英語:Performance Level Categories),缩写为 PLC,被用于对材料进行分类,避免了对精度和偏差的过度要求。

相对漏电起痕指数被用于电气设备的电气安全英语Electrical safety testing评估,包括保险商实验室在内的世界各大实验室均依此对设备进行评估。设备的带电导体间,尤其是高压部件或者可被人体触碰的导体间,绝缘材料所要求的最小爬电比距与绝缘体的CTI值有关。同时,在电路板的内层导体间根据CTI保持相应距离有助于降低起火风险。

爬电比距要求取决于材料的CTI值。材料分组为IIIb的材料,其CTI值未知。玻璃、陶瓷等表面不会击穿的无机材料并没有CTI值的要求。

材料的CTI值与其绝缘性能成正相关。而关于间隙距离,高CTI值意味着要求的爬电距离更低,两个导体间的距离会更近。[2]

漏电起痕指数 (V) 性能等级类别(PLC)
大于或等于600 0
400至599之间 1
250至399之间 2
175至249之间 3
100至174之间 4
小于100 5

设计医疗产品时对CTI的值的分组方式略微不同。根据国际电工委员会发布的IEC 60601-1:2005标准,材料分组如下表所示:

相对漏电起痕指数(CTI) 材料分组
600 ≤ CTI I
400 ≤ CTI < 600 II
175 ≤ CTI < 400 IIIa
100 ≤ CTI < 175 IIIb

参考文献

  1. ^ 高电压工程,清华大学出版社,梁曦东等编著,2003-09, ISBN 7302069514,9787302069515
  2. ^ Tech Brief Comparative Tracking Index (PDF). [January 29, 2018]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-27). 

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