瓦岗军

瓦岗军,是中国隋末民变的一支起义军,后成为割据势力,国号为“”。

隋炀帝大业七年(611年),翟让东郡韦城县瓦岗寨(今河南滑县东南)聚众起事,郡人单雄信徐世勣从之;起义军多渔猎手,勇敢善战;瓦岗军初期在永济渠沿岸劫夺过往运粮的船只,大批饥民加入,势力日大[1]

大业十二年(616年),由于王伯当的引荐,李密杨玄感兵败后投奔瓦岗军,为其说得程咬金等大批义军来投。当年瓦岗军挺进洛阳,在金堤关大海寺战役中一举击杀隋军名将张须陀,攻取重镇荥阳[2],之后武牢关守将裴仁基秦叔宝归顺,瓦岗军声名大振[3]

十三年(617年)初,瓦岗军攻克荥阳西的洛口仓。隋朝派江都通守王世充率军围剿瓦岗军,败回洛阳。瓦岗军又攻克洛阳北的回洛仓和卫州黎阳仓,开仓賑粮,农民纷纷参加。孟让郝孝德等部义军也来归附,实力倍增,拥众几十万人,占领河南大部郡县。同年,翟让让位李密,李称魏公,年号永平,以荥阳洛口为都城,公布隋炀帝的十大罪状,正式起兵反隋,成为中原实力首屈一指的割据势力。李密重用隋降官降将;十一月,李密设宴暗杀翟让,并收服单雄信徐世勣

十四年(唐高祖李渊武德元年,618年)三月,宇文化及隋炀帝杨浩段达王世充元文都卢楚皇甫无逸郭文懿赵长文等洛阳七贵拥立杨侗为天子。李密归顺,封太尉。六月,宇文化及率军自江都北上,李密受洛阳之命,于黎阳(今河南浚县东北)击溃宇文化及,但瓦岗军也受到很大损失,李密本人重伤。回洛阳的路上,闻王世充发动政变,杀元文都,控制朝廷,遂拒绝入朝,扎营邙山,准备与王决战。九月,王世充击溃瓦岗军。李密与王伯当徐世勣等人投奔唐朝单雄信裴仁基秦叔宝程咬金等人投降王世充。瓦岗军瓦解。

参考文献

  1. ^ 《资治通鉴·隋纪五》:自是所在群盗蜂起,不可胜数,徒众多者至万馀人,攻陷城邑。
  2. ^ 《资治通鉴·隋纪七》:密因说让曰:“今四海糜沸,不得耕耘,公士众虽多,食无仓禀,唯资野掠,常苦不给。若旷日持久,加以大敌临之,必涣然离散。未若先取荥阳,休兵馆谷,待士马肥充,然后与人争利。”让从之,于是破金堤关,攻荥阳诸县,多下之。
  3. ^ 《资治通鉴·隋纪七》:荥阳太守郇王庆,弘之子也,不能讨,帝徙张须陁为荥阳通守以讨之。庚戌,须陁引兵击让,让向数为须陁所败,闻其来,大惧,将避之。密曰:“须陁勇而无谋,兵又骤胜,既骄且狠,可一战擒也。公但列陈以待,密保为公破之。”让不得已,勒兵将战,密分兵千馀人伏于大海寺北林间。须陁素轻让,方陈而前,让与战,不利,须陁乘之,逐北十馀里;密发伏掩之,须陁兵败。密与让及徐世勣、王伯当合军围之,须陁溃围出;左右不能尽出,须陁跃马复入救之,来往数四,遂战死。所部兵昼夜号哭,数日不止,河南郡县为之丧气。鹰扬郎将河东贾务本为须陁之副,亦被伤,帅馀众五千馀人奔梁郡,务本寻卒。诏以光禄大夫裴仁基为河南道讨捕大使,代领其众,徙镇虎牢。

参考资料

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