環綴

词缀

環綴（英語：Circumfix）或稱接周辭、前後綴、兩面接辭，為詞綴之一種，就是將一語素放置於另一語素的周圍。環綴與前綴對比，附加於字詞的開頭；與後綴對比，即附於字詞末尾；與中綴對比，則置於字詞中間。另請參閱插音(epenthesis)。環綴常見於南島語系[1]及格魯吉亞語等語言。[2]

範例

>角括號<被用於標記環綴。

日耳曼語言

德語過去分詞可能為最廣人知的環綴，比如"規則動詞"ge〉〈t。以動詞spielen為例，比如其分詞為gespielt。荷蘭語也有類似的系統(在這種例子的變化情形為：spelen → gespeeld）。

東亞語言

在日本，一些語言學家認為 お o〉〈になる ni naru 及 お o〉〈する suru 為尊稱性的環綴[3]；比如 読む yomu → お〉読み yomi〈になる（敬語）、お〉読み〈する（謙稱語）。

南島語

馬來語有八個環綴，分別是：

per⟩ ⟨kan,
per⟩ ⟨i,
ber⟩ ⟨an,
ke⟩ ⟨an,
pen⟩ ⟨an,
per⟩ ⟨an,
se⟩ ⟨nya,
ke⟩ ⟨i.

參見

註釋

  1. ^ Tadmor, Uri, Malay-Indonesian and Malayic languages, Strazny, Philipp (编), Encyclopedia of Linguistics, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn: 644–647, 2005 
  2. ^ Colarusso, John, Georgian and Caucasian languages, Strazny, Philipp (编), Encyclopedia of Linguistics, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn: 380–383, 2005 
  3. ^ Boeckx, Cedric; Niinuma, Fumikazu, Conditions on Agreement in Japanese, Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 2004, 22 (3): 453–480, doi:10.1023/B:NALA.0000027669.59667.c5 [永久失效連結]

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