王勳 (臺灣)

王芬(1754年—1787年)[1]清朝乾隆年間臺灣漢人。「王芬」是清朝官方文獻中的正名[2]。民間又稱王芬為「王勳」或「王恩」,若以闽南语發音即為「王芬」。王芬歿後,台灣民間以「王芬大哥」、「王芬將軍」、「王恩公」等名稱來祭祀其英靈,後來尊稱為「王勳千歲」[3]。王芬的父親王丁是泉州晉江人,在林建隆教授所寫的「刺桐花之戰」提到王芬的母親陳月雲為帕瀑拉族人。[4]王芬出生於蔴園車埔(今臺中市沙鹿區福興里),曾經打擊盜匪在公山口(今弘光科技大學),因圍剿盜匪而被鄉親所敬重。[5]

龍井福興公廟王勳神像

幼年

父親送他入塾讀書,由於聰慧過人,常受老師的讚美,也博得塾師的特別偏愛,平日嬉戲常仿學大人武術,並喜研究兵書,竟至廢寢忘食,如此對於兵術極有心得,就此奠定了他日後愛好武功、武術及任俠好義的基礎。塾師經常訓勉他立志報國,鄰里武林前輩授以百般武藝。

平定地方匪徒

十七歲的王芬(1771年,乾隆三十六年)為人慷慨尚義、濟弱扶傾,在鹿港拜少林五祖傳人洪德謙學藝,經常出面排解漳泉朋友的糾紛;二十歲餘,被鹿仔港泉郊首富林振嵩延攬為武術總教頭(鹿港八郊總教頭)[6],保護鹿港商人利益與地方安寧。《沙鹿鎮志》是這麼形容王芬:「頭如斗大、身高七尺、孔武有力,揮舞百二十斤大刀,鄉里異之。」其魁武強壯的體魄,可以一敵百,總讓敵人聞風喪膽,素為沿海盜匪所畏懼。從這些經歷,不難感受到王芬強烈散發著「保鄉衛民捨我其誰」的英雄氣概,他是土生土長的台灣人,與土地的聯結是如此緊密與深厚。。王芬為人忠義、剛正勇敢,為朋友兩肋插刀,武藝高強。

王芬在「麻園車埔」出生,於水澤地「過洋仔」成長,北勢溪自 800 公尺陡降穿流其間,紅土坡上種著一片相思林,王芬曾以砍相思木燒炭維生,後來駕牛車幫人搬貨物,往來牛罵街、沙鹿街、大肚街以及沿海的五汊港、塗葛堀港和鹿仔港等繁華的商業街,少年英雄的他,曾號召麻園鄉勇上大肚山清剿搶劫商旅的土匪窩,大大保障往來商旅和地方鄉親的生命財產安全。

村民推他為首,帶領數百精幹抵抗盜,數年來不下百回,最劇烈的一次乃由王芬掛帥,在公山口大戰匪徒,匪徒慘遭失敗,逃遁無蹤,從此土匪再也不敢有侵犯的企圖,使當地平靜了好久。 過十幾年,匪徒再犯,王芬獲知消息,手持大刀,支身策馬奔往大肚山麓,群盜見狀,均棄牛而去,此次又成一美談,當地居民以「王芬大哥」稱之。至今沙鹿地區(尤其麻園、北勢坑地方)都知道這個美名。[7]

抗清

林爽文所邀,受封成為平海大將軍。卅三歲的王芬與三十歲的林爽文,於1787年(乾隆五十一年)的中秋夜,召集眾兄弟加入嚴煙所傳的洪門。大夥推舉林爽文為大哥,王芬則擔任大肚山台地八卦會堂主,同年十一月底眾人舉反清之旗,攻下彰化縣城。根據清朝文獻官方紀錄林爽文口供:「我年三十二歲,乾隆三十八年,隨父母來到臺灣,趕車度日。時常聽見說,漳、泉兩府,設有天地會,邀集多人,立誓結盟,患難相救。我同林泮、林水返、林領、何有志、張回、王芬、陳奉先、林里生等,平日意氣相投,遂於乾隆五十一年八月內,拜盟起會。」[6]

在林爽文事件被平定後,王芬將軍逃往牛罵頭(今清水區),在此地遭清兵圍攻,王芬將軍見大勢已去乃仰天大呼:「天啊!為何不容我!(一說「時不予我啊!時不予我啊!」)[8] 」遭清兵押至鹿港處決。[9]

立祀的廟宇有三間

  • 鹿港福靈宮---彰化縣鹿港鎮順興里復興路465號之1
  • 沙鹿福興宮---台中縣沙鹿鎮福興里福嘉巷8號
  • 清水永定宮---台中縣清水鎮鰲峰山虎頭崎石埠邊;農曆六月十四日為王芬的誕辰,農曆正月十七日則為王芬的忌日。

亡後

清兵將王芬首級送至清廷,想要得獲的獎賞,然清廷大怒並謂:「國家要勸他護國,今送頭來有違原意」,反將主使之將軍加以治罪,並將王氏首級送返鹿港厚葬。時年34歲。[9]

紀念

嗣後傳說王芬將軍威靈顯赫,庇佑地方百姓的故事,時有所聞。地方人士為感謝他生前的大恩大德,乃在清同治甲戌年間擴大建廟奉祀,來叩謝此恩此德。[9]

龍井福興公廟

廟有下列:[10]


今台中市沙鹿區福興宮(將軍大刀所在)…台中市沙鹿區鎮南路福興里福嘉巷8號

今台中市清水區王府千歲(被捕地)……台中市清水區鰲峰山,清水鬼洞前之石埠旁

今彰化縣鹿港鎮福靈宮 (首級與軀體骨骸合併埋葬處) - 彰化縣鹿港鎮順興里復興路465號之1

今台中市龍井區竹師路二段62巷,與南岡路交岔口之福興公廟,亦為王勳千歲廟

逸事

據傳,王芬將軍孔武有力,能揮動一百二十斤大刀。[11]

參考資料

  1. ^ 《張凱惠專欄》平海大將軍王芬-族群矛盾下的犧牲者(一)[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 國家圖書館數位典藏 / 中縣文獻(第十期) / [林爽文事件中的第二號頭目王芬之生平及史料](第93-96頁) / 作者:許雪姬[2]
  3. ^ 文化部/台灣大百科全書/鹿港福靈宮[3]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ 鹿港福靈宮歷史記載. [2015-11-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-07). 
  5. ^ 王勳千歲-福興宮[4][永久失效連結]
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 《張凱惠專欄》平海大將軍王芬-泉州晉江是原罪?(三)[5]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ 沙鹿福興宮 [6]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ 草莽英雄 [7][永久失效連結]
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 平海大將軍 王勳 [8][永久失效連結]
  10. ^ [9][永久失效連結]
  11. ^ 沙鹿福興宮 王勳 起義抗侮/自由時報[10]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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