物怪

葛飾北齋所畫的《北齋漫畫》（『北斎漫画』）中之繪畫〈葵上〉，描述六條御息所之生靈襲擊葵之上
此条目的主題是日本民間信仰「物の怪」。关于日本電視動畫『モノノ怪』，請見「物怪 (動畫)」。

物怪（物の怪、もののけ）是日本的古典或民間信仰中，附身在人類身上，使人受苦、生病或死亡的怨靈、死靈、生靈等的靈魂[1][2]。也指妖怪、變化等[3][4]。

概要

《稻亭物怪錄》（『稲亭物怪録』）中之繪畫〈物怪帰去の事〉

平安時代的文献有許多物怪的記載[5]。最有名的是《源氏物語》（『源氏物語』）第9帖〈葵〉，附身在葵之上的六條御息所的生靈[2][6]。《大鏡》（『大鏡』）、《增鏡》（『増鏡』）等文献也有物怪的記述[5]。

延曆年間，人們將相次發生的皇族病死、疫病流行視為早良親王作祟開始，人們將當時的社会不安、疫病視為怨靈作祟。在醫學知識未發達的當時，對物怪帶來的疫病，會由僧侶、修驗者進行加持祈禱，將物怪暫時轉移到稱作「憑子」或「尸童」的他人（主要是女中、小童等）身上，然後降伏物怪，讓疫病平癒。《枕草子》（『枕草子』）、《紫式部日記》（『紫式部日記』）等有詳細的記述[5][6]。根據《續日本後紀》（『続日本後記』），曾集合60位僧侶對皇居内的物怪念經[7]。

關連項目

脚注

  1. ^ 小林 1986，第696頁
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 朝倉 1963，第434頁
  3. ^ 北原保雄他編. 日本国語大辞典 第12巻 第2版. 小学館. 1976: 1361. ISBN 978-4-09-522012-3. 
  4. ^ 松村明編. 大辞林 第3版. 三省堂. 2006: 2531. ISBN 978-4-385-13905-0. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 大藤 1988，第5-6頁
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 服部 1975，第32-54頁
  7. ^ 多田 1990，第300頁

参考文献

  • 朝倉治彦他編 『神話伝説辞典』 東京堂出版、1963年。ISBN 978-4-490-10033-4。
  • 池田彌三郎 『日本の幽霊』 中央公論社〈中公文庫〉、1978年。ISBN 978-4-12-200127-5。
  • 大藤時彦他 『日本大百科全書』23、相賀徹夫編、小学館、1988年。ISBN 978-4-09-526023-5。
  • 小林茂美他 『日本伝奇伝説大事典』 乾克己他編、角川書店、1986年。ISBN 978-4-04-031300-9。
  • 多田克己 『幻想世界の住人たち』IV、新紀元社〈Truth In Fantasy〉、1990年。ISBN 978-4-915146-44-2。
  • 服部敏良 『王朝貴族の病状診断』 吉川弘文館〈歴史文化セレクション〉、2006年（原著1975年）。ISBN 978-4-642-06300-5。

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