溫泉關戰役 (前191年)

溫泉關戰役
羅馬-敘利亞戰爭的一部分

溫泉關地理形勢
日期前191年
地点
结果 羅馬共和國獲勝
参战方
羅馬共和國 塞琉古帝國
埃托利亞同盟
指挥官与领导者
馬尼烏斯·阿基利烏斯·格拉布里奧 安條克三世
兵力
20,000名步兵、
2,000名騎兵、
幾頭戰象
10,000名步兵、
500名騎兵、
部分埃托利亞同盟軍
伤亡与损失
100人陣亡 10,000名步兵陣亡或被俘

溫泉關戰役(Battle of Thermopylae),是前191年羅馬共和國羅馬-敘利亞戰爭中與塞琉古帝國交戰的一場戰役。罗马人胜利了,因此安条克三世被迫逃离希腊。

背景

塞琉古國王安條克三世率領一支規模不算大的軍隊登陸希臘半島,他聽信阿塔馬尼亞人亞歷山大的進言,希望能獲得其他希臘勢力的支援一同對抗羅馬,然而大部分的希臘城邦都站在羅馬陣營,就連前盟友馬其頓國王腓力五世也願意援助羅馬。根據阿庇安記載,當安條克三世進軍色薩利並來到庫諾斯克法萊,看到在先前在庫諾斯克法萊戰役中許多陣亡的馬其頓士兵遺骸散落四處,安條克三世在那舉辦隆重的葬禮並指責馬其頓國王腓力五世,使當時搖擺不定的腓力聽到這些消息後決心加入羅馬陣營,羅馬將軍巴埃比烏斯立即派遣阿庇烏斯·克勞狄率領2,000名步兵通過馬其頓進入色薩利。 此時安條克三世正在圍攻色薩利重鎮拉里薩,而阿庇烏斯·克勞狄在附近升起火光使安條克以為腓力和巴埃比烏斯來到,匆忙撤往卡爾基斯,並無所事事度過整個冬天。

當羅馬執政官馬尼烏斯·阿基利烏斯·格拉布里奧率領20,000名步兵和2,000名騎兵進入希臘後,很快的與馬其頓收復色薩利。面對如此龐大的軍隊,安條克三世決定在溫泉關抵擋羅馬的進攻,除了這裡地勢險要外,並確保盟友埃托利亞同盟的聯繫不被切斷以及保護海軍基地卡爾基斯。

經過

安條克三世親自率領軍隊防禦溫泉關,並讓投石兵佈署在高處,步兵駐守完善的防禦工事,埃托利亞同盟的部隊防守左方側翼,其中2,000名步兵固守的特拉喀斯,另外2,000名步兵防衛阿索波斯要塞和當年波希戰爭溫泉關戰役所使用的山路。

當羅馬指揮官馬尼烏斯看到塞琉古如此佈署,分別派兵趁夜明前攻取波斯所用小道的兩側山頭,同時準備在天明時進攻。會戰開始,安條克三世先派輕裝步兵突襲羅馬軍,但遭到擊退。而先前派往攻擊埃托利亞人羅馬軍隊,終於在老加圖領導的第二次攻擊下成功擊破埃托利亞人,便一路追擊直至塞琉古軍後方的大營,在不知後方有多少敵軍又擔心遭到背面攻擊的恐慌蔓延整個塞琉古軍,塞琉古軍逐漸潰散,而羅馬軍立即在後擴大戰果,安條克三世只能重整500騎兵逃出,羅馬軍獲得戰役勝利。

戰後

據記載羅馬僅損失100多人,而塞琉古幾乎全軍覆沒,無可奈何下安條克三世只能撤回小亞細亞,而埃托利亞同盟不久後向羅馬投降。

參考資料

Read other articles:

Nanoteknologi DNA melibatkan perancangan dan pembuatan struktur molekul buatan yang terdiri dari asam nukleat, seperti struktur tetrahedron DNA (gambar).[1] Setiap rusuk bangun tetrahedron (piramida segitiga) ini adalah pilinan ganda DNA yang terdiri dari 20 pasangan basa, dan setiap sudut bangun ini menyambungkan tiga rusuk. Bangun ini terdiri dari empat pilinan yang masing-masing membentuk sisi piramida, dan diberi warna masing-masing dalam gambar. Nanoteknologi DNA adalah bidang ya...

 

Untuk album kelompok Stryper, lihat In God We Trust (album). Tulisan IN GOD WE TRUST dalam huruf kapital di muka belakang uang kertas AS$20 In God We Trust (kadangkala ditulis In God we trust, Indonesia: Kepada Tuhan Kami Percayacode: id is deprecated ) adalah semboyan resmi Amerika Serikat dan Florida.[1][2][3][4][5] Semboyan ini diadopsi oleh Kongres Amerika Serikat pada 1956 dan menggantikan E pluribus unum yang telah menjadi semboyan de facto sejak ...

 

Marseille Provence AirportAéroport de Marseille-ProvenceAdvanced Landing Ground (ALG) Y-14IATA: MRSICAO: LFMLInformasiJenisPublicPengelolaMarseille Provence Chamber of Commerce and IndustryMelayaniMarseille, FranceLokasiMarignane, FranceMaskapai penghubungAir FranceKetinggian dpl21 mdplSitus webwww.mrsairport.comwww.marseille.aeroport.frPetaProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in FranceLFMLAirport in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regionLandasan pacu Arah Panjang Permukaan m kaki 13L/31...

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article ne s'appuie pas, ou pas assez, sur des sources secondaires ou tertiaires (septembre 2016). Pour améliorer la vérifiabilité de l'article ainsi que son intérêt encyclopédique, il est nécessaire, quand des sources primaires sont citées, de les associer à des analyses faites par des sources secondaires. Higashifushimi KunihidePortrait du prince Kunihide, datant des années 1920.Titre de noblesseC...

 

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Coppa Italia 2005-2006 (disambigua). Coppa Italia 2005-2006TIM Cup 2005-2006 Competizione Coppa Italia Sport Calcio Edizione 59ª Organizzatore Lega Calcio Date dal 6 agosto 2005all'11 maggio 2006 Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 72 Risultati Vincitore Inter(5º titolo) Secondo Roma Semi-finalisti PalermoUdinese Statistiche Miglior marcatore Alessandro Del Piero (5) Incontri disputati 86 Gol segnati 193 (2,24 per incon...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2019) هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسي...

Australian wheelchair tennis player Adam Kellerman2012 Australian Paralympic team portrait of KellermanCountry (sports)AustraliaBorn (1990-07-26) 26 July 1990 (age 33)Sydney, New South WalesOfficial websitewww.adamkellerman.comSinglesHighest rankingNo.8 (6 June 2016)Current rankingRetired.Grand Slam singles resultsAustralian OpenQF (2016, 2018)Other tournamentsDoublesHighest rankingNo.14 (29 June 2015)Grand Slam doubles resultsAustralian OpenSF (2016, 2...

 

American soldier For the American architect, see William A. Boring. William H. BoringBirth nameWilliam Harrison BoringBorn(1841-02-26)February 26, 1841Greenfield, Illinois, U.S.DiedDecember 1, 1932(1932-12-01) (aged 91)Portland, Oregon, U.S.Place of burialDamascus Pioneer Cemetery, Damascus, Oregon, U.S.45°25′03″N 122°27′32″W / 45.417621°N 122.458978°W / 45.417621; -122.458978Allegiance United StatesService/branch United States ArmyUnion ArmyYears...

 

Christian theological doctrine Not to be confused with Consubstantiality. Part of a series on theEucharist Lord's Supper Communion Elements Bread Wine Ritual and liturgy Divine Liturgy Holy Qurobo Holy Qurbana Divine Service Mass Requiem Solemn Consecration/Anaphora Epiclesis Words of Institution Anamnesis Practices and customs Closed and open table Communion under both kinds Adoration Discipline Thanksgiving Reserved sacrament Feast of Corpus Christi First Communion Infant communion Viaticum...

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento centri abitati della Spagna non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Santibáñez el Bajocomune Santibáñez el Bajo – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Spagna Comunità autonoma Estremadura Provincia Cáceres TerritorioCoordinate40°10′35″N 6°13′...

 

British Rail Class D2/10D2767Type and originPower typeDiesel-hydraulicBuilderNorth British Locomotive CompanySerial number27703–27714, 27815–27839, 27998–28033Build date1957–1961Total produced73SpecificationsConfiguration:​ • Whyte0-4-0DH • UICBGauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gaugeWheel diameterD2708–D2719: 3 ft 6 in (1.067 m);D2720–D2780: 3 ft 9 in (1.143 m)Loco weightD2708–D2719: 30....

 

Political labels in the Roman Republic For the elite unit of the Byzantine army, see Optimatoi. Politics of ancient Rome Periods Roman Kingdom753–509 BC Roman Republic509–27 BC Roman Empire27 BC – AD 395 Principate27 BC – AD 284 DominateAD 284–641 WesternAD 395–476 EasternAD 395–1453 Timeline Constitution Kingdom Republic Sullan republic Empire Augustan reforms Late Empire Political institutions Imperium Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Assemblies Centuri...

Judo competition Judo Men's 100 kg at the 2014 World Judo ChampionshipsVenueTraktor Ice ArenaLocationChelyabinsk, RussiaDate30 August 2014 Competitors44 from 38 nationsTotal prize money14,000$[1]Medalists  Lukáš Krpálek (1st title)   Czech Republic José Armenteros   Cuba Ivan Remarenco   United Arab Emirates Karl-Richard Frey   GermanyCompetition at external databasesLinksIJF • JudoInside&#...

 

Voce principale: Eccellenza 1998-1999. Eccellenza Trentino-Alto Adige(DE) Oberliga Trentino-Südtirol1998-1999 Competizione Eccellenza Trentino-Alto Adige Sport Calcio Edizione 8ª Organizzatore FIGC - LNDComitato Regionale Trentino-Alto Adige Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 16 Cronologia della competizione 1997-1998 1999-2000 Manuale Il campionato di Eccellenza Trentino-Alto Adige 1998-1999 è stato l'ottavo organizzato in Italia. Rappresenta il sesto livello del calcio italiano. Questo è ...

 

British inventor (1860–1935) WK Dickson redirects here. For the advocate, librarian and writer, see William Kirk Dickson. William Kennedy DicksonFrame from the 1891 Dickson Greeting, featuring William Kennedy Dickson, in the first American film shown to a public audience.BornWilliam Kennedy Laurie Dickson(1860-08-03)3 August 1860Le Minihic-sur-Rance, Brittany, FranceDied28 September 1935(1935-09-28) (aged 75)Twickenham, Middlesex, EnglandOccupationsInventordirectorproducercinematograph...

Battle of Trans-la-FôretLocation of Trans-la-Forêt within Brittany regionDate1 August 939LocationTrans-la-Forêt, BrittanyResult Decisive Breton victoryBelligerents Bretons Franks VikingsCommanders and leaders Alan II Judicael Berengar Hugh II of Maine unknown The Battle of Trans-la-Fôret was fought on 1 August 939 between the occupying Vikings and the Bretons, led by a joint army of Alan II, Hugh II of Maine, and Judicael Berengar.[1][2][3] Political landscape Thro...

 

Vojtěch Jasný pada 1998 Vojtěch Jasný (30 November 1925 – 15 November 2019)[1] adalah seorang sutradara Ceko yang menjadi tenar pada dekade enam puluhan. Ia memenangkan Penghargaan Juri Khusus Cannes untuk Až přijde kocour/The Cassandra Cat (1963). Ia lahir di Kelč, Moravia.[2] Sebagai pembuat film aktif di Cekoslowakia pada 1950an dan 1960an, ia merupakan salah satu artis dan intelektual yang meninggalkan negara tersebut setelah invasi yang dipimpim USS...

 

Soviet heavy tank of the 1930s For other uses, see T 35 (disambiguation). T-35 T-35B tank of 1934-35 production series, date unknownTypeHeavy tankPlace of originSoviet UnionService historyIn service1935–1941Used bySoviet UnionNazi GermanyWarsWorld War IIProduction historyDesignerOKMO Tank Design BureauDesigned1930–1933ManufacturerKhPZProduced1934–1939No. built60 and two prototypesVariantsT-35SpecificationsMass45 t (49.6 short tons; 44.3 long tons)Length9.72...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Cesse (homonymie). Cesse Vue sur le village de Cessedepuis les hauts de Luzy-Saint-Martin. Héraldique Administration Pays France Région Grand Est Département Meuse Arrondissement Verdun Intercommunalité Communauté de communes du Pays de Stenay et du Val Dunois Maire Mandat Daniel Dumay 2020-2026 Code postal 55700 Code commune 55095 Démographie Populationmunicipale 108 hab. (2021 ) Densité 20 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 49° 30′&...

 

Cooking method using dry air heat Roast redirects here. For other meanings, see Roast (disambiguation). Roasted redirects here. For the form of humor, see Roast (comedy). Slow-roasting pig on a rotisserie Tudor style roasting meat on a spit Roasting is a cooking method that uses dry heat where hot air covers the food, cooking it evenly on all sides with temperatures of at least 150 °C (300 °F) from an open flame, oven, or other heat source. Roasting can enhance the flavor through ...