洞朗

27°18′N 88°56′E / 27.300°N 88.933°E / 27.300; 88.933

洞朗
位置27°18′N 88°56′E / 27.300°N 88.933°E / 27.300; 88.933
山脉东迦山脉（Dongkya range）
近海水体洞朗曲（Doklam river）
面积
 • 总计89平方公里（34平方英里）
最高海拔4,653米（15,266英尺）
（拉恩久（Merug La） 27°20′18″N 88°56′11″E / 27.3382507°N 88.9364553°E / 27.3382507; 88.9364553）

洞朗（藏語：གདོང་ལམ，藏语拼音：Donglam，印度稱為Doka La，不丹與其他國家稱此為Doklam）是毗邻中国、不丹和印度三国交界处的狭长高原。 1998年，中国和不丹签署书面协议达成一致，同意维护该地区的和平与现状[1][2]。2017年6月，印度军队越界阻止中国在这一地区修路，引发了中印之间长达71天的对峙。

地理

参见：洞郎地区边界线

洞朗北接下亚东乡的亚拉池、夏巨拉（4429米）；西以巴塘拉（4545米）、恩穷拉、拉恩久（4630米）、多卡拉(4283米)等一线分水岭山脊与印度交界；西南自吉姆马珍山（原“支莫挚山”，为中、不、印三国交界点）开始，沿东南方向的切日（4325）、切拉日东山（4164米）、仁岗贡（3932米）等一线山脊，最南达姐普拉（姐普山口）与不丹国为邻；至东与卓木麻曲相连，与下亚东乡的鲁林，当比山、恰尔塘等地隔河（卓木麻曲）相望；东北至色布、沈久拉（4200米）、果拉等地。洞朗地区距西北方向的中印边境乃堆拉山口约15公里。

洞朗面积约100平方公里，地势西北高，东南低，是西藏春丕河谷的一部分，海拔由吉姆马珍山的4363米逐渐下降到姐普拉山口的3145米，海拔最低点为康布麻曲（Torsa）出境（不丹）处，为1655米。洞朗地区北部小湖泊较多，有大小草场30个，东南部森林资源丰富。该地历来为下亚东牧民的夏季草场。

历史

1861年2月英國入侵哲孟雄（今錫金），哲孟雄国王在3月28日和英屬印度签订了庭姆隆條約（英语：Treaty of Tumlong），哲孟雄成為英國的保護國[3]。1890年，清政府和英国签订《中英会议藏印条约》。清朝承認哲孟雄為英國的保護國，并劃定哲孟雄與西藏的邊界。[4]

但是不丹並沒有簽署此條約或其他和中國劃界的條約。

2017年中印洞朗地区对峙

主条目：2017年中印军队洞朗对峙事件

2017年6月，雖然印度官方並未宣稱對洞朗地區擁有主权，但以「中國侵犯不丹主權」、「印度支持不丹主權」為由，批准印度军队越过中印边界，阻止中国在該地修建道路，並与中国军队对峙。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ greenmindz.com. Bhutan-China talks end in agreement - Bhutan Observer. [2017-07-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-10）. 
  2. ^ India enters into Bhutan-China border conflict – Bhutan News Network. [2017-07-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-20）. 
  3. ^ James Minahan. Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z. Greenwood Publishing. 2002年: 1729. （英文）
  4. ^ Younghusband, Francis. India and Tibet: a history of the relations which have subsisted between the two countries from the time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a particular account of the mission to Lhasa of 1904. London: John Murray. 1910年: 51. （英文）

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