梅尔拉龙属

梅尔拉龙属
化石时期:早侏罗世183–180 Ma
斯图加州立自然历史博物馆的正模标本
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 蛇頸龍目 Plesiosauria
科: 彪龍科 Rhomaleosauridae
属: 梅尔拉龙属 Meyerasaurus
Smith & Vincent, 2010
模式種
胜利梅尔拉龙
Meyerasaurus victor

(Fraas, 1910 [原为惊异龙])
異名
  • 胜利惊异龙 Thaumatosaurus victor
    Fraas, 1910
  • 胜利蛇颈龙/惊异龙 Plesiosaurus (Thaumatosaurus) victor
    Fraas, 1910
  • 胜利宽锁龙 Eurycleidus victor
    Zittel, 1932
  • 胜利彪龙 Rhomaleosaurus victor
    Tarlo, 1960

梅尔拉龙学名Meyerasaurus)是蛇颈龙目彪龙科灭绝的一个,生存于早侏罗世德国西南巴登-符腾堡州霍尔茨马登[1]

发现

霍尔茨马登与艾谢尔山下采尔之间经营着一个白垩岩及页岩采石场。其与一层四十厘米厚的坚硬碳质页岩相交,后者被认为毫无价值。甚至鱼龙“木乃伊”也惨遭遗弃,因为清修它们的成本效益不高。岩石被倾倒于一座峡谷中。1906年5月,著名化石商人伯恩哈德·豪夫(Bernhard Hauff)在垃圾场发现破碎的巨石,其中含有一具异常完整也因此极为罕见的蛇颈龙骨骼。当时德国的蛇颈龙发现较英国零散得多。九个多月的时间里,豪夫共发现2.5吨白垩岩,然后取出并清修其中的骨骼。其与1906年11月在附近页岩中发现、后被命名为丝莱龙的第二具蛇颈龙骨骼一起出售。在D·兰道尔(D. Landauer)与维克多·弗拉斯(Victor Fraas)的资助下,斯图加特皇家博物标本室(Stuttgarter Königliche Naturalienkabinett)得以买下这两件标本。[2]

命名

1910年,斯图加特大学古生物学馆长埃伯哈德·弗拉斯英语Eberhard Fraas将标本命名为胜利惊异龙Thaumatosaurus victor)。此名于描述论文第106页提及。第124页描述部分标题为“Plesiosaurus (Thaumatosaurus) victor n. sp.”。这被解释为其首先命名胜利蛇颈龙(Plesiosaurus victor),同时立即更名为胜利惊异龙。弗拉斯后来解释说,自已更喜欢迈尔命名的惊异龙(意为“神奇的爬行动物”)而非丝莱命名的彪龙,并宣称“我把我们的新物种命名为胜利惊异龙”。[2][註 1]种名victor拉丁语中意即“胜利者”,指标本“非常壮丽且其美丽远超之前所有发现”,亦致敬埃伯哈德·弗拉斯的兄弟维克多·弗拉斯。[2]

到1922年已认识到鲕粒惊异龙(Thaumatosaurus oolithicus)正模材料极为稀少。[3]胜利惊异龙于1932年被改为宽锁龙的一个种,[4]并于1960年由兰伯特·贝弗利·塔罗英语Beverly Halstead更名为胜利彪龙[5]然而这些名称很少被使用。亚当·斯图亚特·史密斯(Adam Stuart Smith)2007年称,由于惊异龙基本是个疑名,因此自己不久将为该分类单元命名一个独立属。[6]

梅尔拉龙由亚当·史密斯与佩吉·文森特(Peggy Vincent)于2010年英语2010 in paleontology首次命名,新组合英语combinatio nova是维克多梅尔拉龙(Meyerasaurus victor)。属名致敬提出属名“惊异龙”的德国古生物学家赫尔曼·冯·迈尔英语Hermann von Meyer[1]

描述

复原图

梅尔拉龙所知于正模标本SMNS英语State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart 12478,为一具关节连接且保存有颅骨的完整骨骼腹侧暴露在外。颅骨长37厘米(1英尺3英寸)、身长3.35—3.44米(11.0—11.3英尺)。[1][6]其收集于著名的波西多尼亚-席费尔化石群英语lagerstätte波西多尼亚页岩英语Posidonia Shale)镰型龙头菊石带(Harpoceras falcifer zone)的秀丽-镰形龙头菊石亚带(Harpoceras elegantulum-falciferum ammonoid subzones),时间可追溯至大约1.83至1.8亿年前。[1]

1944年,斯图亚特频繁受到轰炸英语Bombing of Stuttgart in World War II。9月12日,英国轰炸机引发一场风暴性大火,烧毁了市中心。博物馆被毁,正模标本亦摔成碎片。但后来得以从废墟下艰难地将这些碎片重新拼凑起来,现陈列于新的古生物展览大楼即雄狮门博物馆英语State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart

分类

3D动画展示了最有可能的游泳姿势

以下分支图展示了梅尔拉龙在其它蛇颈龙类中的系统发育位置,遵循本森等人(2012年)的研究:[7]

蛇颈龙目 Plesiosauria 
 新蛇颈龙类 Neoplesiosauria 

上龙科 Pliosauridae

蛇颈龙亚目 Plesiosauroidea

 彪龙科 Rhomaleosauridae 

泰氏斯特里特龙 Stratesaurus taylori

小头巨板龙 Macroplata tenuiceps

亚瑟阿瓦隆泳龙 Avalonnectes arturi

弓形宽锁龙 Eurycleidus arcuatus

维克多梅尔拉龙 Meyerasaurus victor

高氏海蜥龙 Maresaurus coccai

巨首战殇龙 Atychodracon megacephalus

长吻始祖泳龙 Archaeonectrus rostratus

克氏彪龙 Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni

托氏彪龙 Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni

设得兰彪龙 Rhomaleosaurus zetlandicus

参见

注释

  1. ^ 故“胜利蛇颈龙”这一组合从未在论文中出现过。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Adam S. Smith; Peggy Vincent. A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany (PDF). Palaeontology. 2010, 53 (5): 1049–1063 [2024-08-20]. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x可免费查阅. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-26). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Fraas, Eberhard. Plesiosaurier aus dem oberen Lias von Holzmaden (PDF). Palaeontographica. 1910, 57 (3–4): 105–140. 
  3. ^ Andrews, Charles William. Description of a new plesiosaur from the Weald Clay of Berwick (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 1922, 78 (1–4): 285–298. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1922.078.01-04.11. 
  4. ^ Zittel, K.A. von. 1932. Textbook of palaeontology (three volumes), 2nd edn (revised)
  5. ^ Tarlo, Lambert Beverly. A review of Upper Jurassic pliosaurs. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology. 1960, 4: 145–189. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Smith, A.S. Chapter 3 – Material and palaeontological approaches (PDF). Anatomy and Systematics of the Rhomaleosauridae (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) (PDF). 2007: 27–58 [2024-08-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-11). 
  7. ^ Roger B. J. Benson; Mark Evans; Patrick S. Druckenmiller. High Diversity, Low Disparity and Small Body Size in Plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary. PLOS ONE. 2012, 7 (3): e31838. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731838B. PMC 3306369可免费查阅. PMID 22438869. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031838可免费查阅. 

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