杜如晦

杜如晦
清殿藏本杜如晦画像
克明
出生585年
京兆杜陵(今陝西西安市長安区
逝世630年5月6日(630歲—05—06)(44—45歲)
长安(今陕西西安市

杜如晦(585年—630年5月6日),克明京兆郡杜陵县(今陝西省西安市長安区)人,唐朝初期大臣。他是李世民奪取政權、開創貞觀之治中的主要謀臣之一,深受李世民的重用。与房玄龄被人并称“房谋杜断”。

唐太宗时的宰相:贞观二年(628年)正月至三年(629年)二月为侍中,三年二月至十二月为尚书右仆射。

生平

杜如晦自少聪悟,好谈文史,是个典型的彬彬书生。在隋朝大业年间起家为雍州从事,吏部侍郎高孝基很是器重他,赞扬他有应变之才,是栋梁之才。隋炀帝前往江都游玩时,代替王使君判留守事。秦王李世民平定京城时,引为秦王府兵曹参军。当时的太子李建成对杜如晦非常忌惮,他对齐王李元吉说:“秦王府中可惮之人,惟杜如晦与房玄龄耳。”被外调出秦王府。经房玄龄周旋,李世民又将他调回幕府。此后跟随李世民东征西讨,为其参谋军国大事,平定了薛仁果刘武周王世充窦建德等诸路诸侯。以功勋累迁陕东道大行台司勋郎中,封建平县男,食邑三百户。不久以本官兼任文学馆学士。

李世民的天策府建立后,杜如晦任从事中郎,被画像纪念的天策府十八学士中,以杜如晦为首,其画像上的讚語为:“建平文雅,休有烈光。怀忠履义,身立名扬。”

武德九年六月四日玄武门之变后,李世民被立为皇太子,杜如晦任太子右庶子(唐书为左庶子,杜如晦碑为右庶子),不久迁任兵部尚书,进封蔡国公,赐实封一千三百户。

贞观二年,杜如晦以本官摄侍中,兼吏部尚书,总监东宫兵马事务。

贞观三年,杜如晦代长孙无忌尚书右仆射,與左仆射房玄齡共掌朝政,制定了唐朝各个部门的规模及典章,被人们赞为良相,史有「房謀杜斷」之稱[1]。同年冬天杜如晦因病辞职,唐太宗对他的病情极为关注,频频派人慰问,给他寻找名医和治病药物,到贞观四年五月终因病重而去世,年仅四十六。唐太宗对他去世极为痛心,追赠他为司空,徙封萊国公,谥曰(杜如晦碑载为谥曰)。

杜如晦碑

杜如晦碑,唐太宗虞世南撰写碑文,欧阳询隶书。又称《赠司空杜如晦碑》。贞观四年立于醴泉县昭陵。 著录首见宋赵明诚《金石录目》第五五九。

家庭

家世

  • 高祖:杜秀,北魏辅国将军,赠豫州刺史。
  • 曾祖:杜皎,北周仪同三司、武都郡守,赠开府仪同、大将军、遂州刺史。
  • 伯祖:杜果,隋兵部尚书,义兴县公。
  • 祖父:杜徽,字晔,怀州长史。(据《金石录》杜如晦碑)
  • 父亲:杜吒,隋昌州长史。
  • 叔父:杜淹,安吉郡公。

  • 杜楚客,后任魏王李泰府中长史,拜工部尚书,掌管魏王泰府事。拥戴李泰与李承乾争夺太子之位,贞观十七年被免死废为庶人,寻授处化县令。

  • 杜構,承襲莱国公爵位,官至刺史。後因弟弟杜荷的牽連而被流放嶺南,死於南方。
  • 杜荷,娶唐太宗之女城陽公主,赐爵襄阳郡公,贞观十七年,捲入皇太子李承乾、齐王李祐谋反案被處斩。

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库阅读此作者作品维基共享资源阅览影像
维基文库中的相关文本:舊唐書/卷66》,出自刘昫舊唐書
维基文库中的相关文本:新唐書·卷096》,出自《新唐書

参考资料

  1. ^ 《旧唐书·房玄龄杜如晦传论》:世传太宗尝与文昭图事,则曰:“非如晦莫能筹之。”及如晦至焉,竟从玄龄之策也。盖房知杜之能断大事,杜知房之善建嘉谋。
前任:
长孙无忌
唐朝尚书右仆射
629年
繼任:
李靖

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