朱奐

朱奐
大清
字號字章士,號礪山,一號雪邨
逝世咸豐八年三月二十二日
墓葬鋪山凹朱氏之塋
親屬高祖朱耀先
出身
  • 道光二十七年丁未科進士出身
著作
  • 《師竹軒詩集》

朱奐(1825年—1858年4月15日),字章士,號礪山,一號雪邨四川重慶府合州人,清朝進士[1]

生平

朱奐于道光二十六年(1846年)中丙午科举人,二十七年(1847年)联捷丁未科张之万榜三甲第二十七名进士。欽點即用知縣,籤分廣東,以父母就衰呈請終養回籍,家居十一年,咸豐八年(1858年)三月二十二日卒于家,年僅三十有四[2]

家族

高祖朱耀先,明進士。

著作

《民国新修合川县志》收录有朱奐所作之《祀王立论》,批驳南宋末年镇守钓鱼城的将领王立最终降元保全百姓之事[3]

予游钓鱼山,山有祠祀余玠、张珏诸公,并祀王立。予心疑之。祀立者,以其虽降,而能存宋之遗民也。夫以存遗民为可降,则厓山移驻民之死亡几尽矣,文山谙人何不屈一己之节以恤疮痍之众?张珏当渝城攻围之日,生灵讵止数万,能必其城破不遭屠杀乎?亦可降以保全之,何弗降?盍自古有死,无信不立。守土者虽时势万不可为,亦祗尽心筹战守之策,为百姓扦蔽,济时斯民之福,不济则率民死难使民皆为忠义之民,于民乎何负,恶可降耶?且即谓立为民降,心终可原,而既以城降元,俾宋民保不死,即当以身殉宋,随宋祚以俱终。如此,则元之君臣感立报国之忠,爱民之仁,愈不忍伤城中之赤子矣。立乃复受元官爵。噫!责立之降,立犹有辞;责立之不死,立何以自解乎?予故见立之祀而心疑之。

参考资料

  1. ^ 「朱奐,字章士,號礪山,一號雪邨,明進士耀先五世孫也,耀先自有傳,奐生而穎異喜讀書能詩文,以諸生領道光二十六年丙午科鄉薦,明年成進士,欽點卽用知縣,籤分廣東,廣東故大省,優缺多籤出,人皆賀之,奐獨以父母就衰呈請終養回籍,家居十一年,奉事二親,以孝謹聞,父歿葬祭盡禮旣終喪或勸之出山奐曰昔者具慶猶乞歸養今餘偏親柰何舍之遂竟不出侍奉之暇惟與二三知己詩酒往還地方公私事絕不與聞,嘗以業師朱虎臣平生作詩致多,歿後稿藏于家,貧不能刻,惻然傷之遽出重金刊行,今所傳《味醕軒詩集》十五卷其手校也,其他救難濟急敬老恤幼諸善舉多不勝數,葢秉彝攸好德,其天性固然矣,咸豐八年卒,年三十四,子培慶將婚卒,以從孫金鰲嗣,旣卒之,二年詹事府左春坊左贊善墊江李惺表其墓曰:君世爲合州人,得進士時年裁二十有三,君念古人四十曰强强乃仕今旣未逮其時而學古之功每疎是當歸而求之庶有以練其識而老其才此意旣決遂不赴任徑引疾以歸歸而濳修者十年,咸豐戊午三月二十二日卒于家,年僅三十有四,卽以是年某月某日葬於鋪山凹朱氏之塋,余嘗謂天下之治亂繫於天下之讀書人何也朝廷以科目取士非徒富貴之葢將有以用之而其所以用之者固以其研求有素確有其効用之具也顧天下讀書人多眞讀書人則甚少由童生而秀才所希冀者舉人進士所循讀者場屋之文至於將來之設施若何建樹若何不但意中不作是想卽口頭未嘗作是語一旦得官諸事憒憒甚至刻剝其民罔上營私一人如是人人莫不如是天下不能不亂久之且至於大亂然則今之所謂讀書人於世無補則亦已矣柰何階之厲而益以重其毒也大可慨已凡人謀一事其求之也專則其得之也必喜而其赴之也惟恐不及君旣成進士且得知縣舉他人之所汲汲者顧反遼緩焉而徐以應之有官一若無官此其恬退之懷已與躁進者大異而況乎量而後入之別有襟期也使他日得行其志其卓然有所表見也必矣乃天顧靳之且遽折之彼顢頇貪殘之輩方且久於其位老而不死豈世運之衰微已極世變而天亦與之俱變耶則尤有心人之所搔首頓足欷歔太息而不能己已者耳,君爲海輪太翁季子,太翁旣歿,二兄分爨,君獨奉太孺人居,有一姊甚貧,而諸甥頗頑,君欲博太孺人歡,於其貧也恤之,於其頑也恕之,當病篤時,雖痰不使有跡,雖嗽不使有聲,恐太孺人之見之而聞之也,與人交不立厓岸,然耿介不苟合,尤不喜入州衙,性樂施,病中猶施田二百碩設鄉學一所,以章士名之有餘,則作貧人棺藥等費,歲延親友二人經管,年終彙報銷,以示無私,此則君生平大略也,君葬急未有誌銘,遺子尙幼,其妻弟戴生繼典來乞余以表其墓余,以君之見于外而爲事之已然者人或知之其蘊于內而爲事之未然者人或未必知之天下眞讀書人少余故備揭之俾人知讀書人尙有君一人君雖齎志以沒要已不負所學矣,悲夫,奐著有《師竹軒詩集》二卷,前知州程祖潤序之曰:得才士百不如得良士一良士而兼才則尤不易得者也乃旣得之而天奪之此情其何能已,道光丁未余奉檄攝合州事,見其山川之淸淑,人物之繁庶,風俗之淳美,則與邑中賢士大夫講求利弊所當興革而吏牘塡委日不暇給久之乃得一人焉曰朱君礪山,礪山年甫逾冠,以丁未甲科籤分廣東知縣,念親老請假旋里,侍養不出平日奉親讀書外閉戶蕭然惟與一二素心人飲酒賦詩家素封不涉時世輕靡之習余心焉異之間相過從喜其溫雅靜穆言簡而意達意其蘊養有待必將爲霖雨以福嶺南民也自余離合州十餘年間時移事易如浮雲之變幻士有自合州來者未嘗不殷殷詢之,今歲秋闈,州人士咸集錦城,則聞礪山死矣,年僅三十有四,嗚呼豈所謂天者果不可問耶,何奪吾良士之速也,近世士風澆漓一歌鹿鳴則把持武斷無所不爲彼其人皆才士也昔之鄉紳爲鄉里益今之鄉紳爲鄉里害使一州一邑得如礪山輩數人爲之維持調護於無形之中則國人尙有所矜式而生其愧恥而今已矣余雖欲與礪山共談治理以挽斯世之頽波而烏可得哉礪山之內弟戴生繼典持遺詩求余評定將刊行以永其傳余讀盡謂戴生曰礪山之爲人不必藉詩傳者也而詩亦自足傳使天假之年則其識益老學益邃其詩當進而益上然卽今日之所成就者觀之而性情之肫摯寄興之淸曠已非排比奇字以爲博雕刻紅紫以爲麗者矣,黃叔度歟陳仲弓歟無庸與李昌谷輩較詩名也,讀礪山詩者,當知其爲良士,而不徒以才士目之,邑舉人彭定仁之詞也,又有《師竹軒時藝》二卷,貢生關驥爲之序曰:吾友礪山少時學文出筆卽淸得于天者厚也,而學力亦懋焉,丙午習舉子業於蓉城,閉戸數月不出,飲食俱從窗進,凝神一志絕外蹂以熟揣摩之功,及出髮深寸餘,見者無不惻然,所作時藝數十篇並前澹園窗課百餘篇,胞兄乳泉選其佳者,彙爲一帙,付之剞劂,非問世也,意以礪山弱冠登第倐歸道山,不惟於國無所表見,卽於家亦少法程,存數行筆墨爲子孫手澤,其意深矣,其情遠矣,較之一經遺後何多讓焉,今其二集竝行于世《程業修合州志》《李西漚文集》《師竹軒詩文集》〈興里采訪員投稿〉」,〔森楷案奐爲培慶擇師關驥訂約十年先送肆百金使驥得營子母及諸善舉,皆卓卓可傳者,今補于此〕,《民國新修合川縣志》卷四十九鄉賢八
  2. ^ 《合川县志》卷之七·选举·頁三十
  3. ^ 《合川县志》卷之七十三·論辯四·頁八


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