^Wilson B. Bishai. Islamic history of the Middle East: backgrounds, development, and fall of the Arab Empire. Allyn and Bacon. 1968年: 第231頁 (英语).
^Arabian American Oil Company. Aramco world magazine 第33冊. Arabian American Oil Company. 1982年: 第8頁 (英语).
^Rushdī Rāshid、Régis Morelon. Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science. Routledge. 1996年: 第985–1007頁 (英语).
^John Erskine. A Pageant of the Thirteenth Century for the Seven Hundredth Anniversary of Roger Bacon. Kessinger Publishing. 2004年: 第26頁. ISBN 1417959703(英语).
^Sidney Harrison Griffith. The church in the shadow of the mosque: Christians and Muslims in the world of Islam. Princeton University Press. 2008年: 第119頁. ISBN 0691130159(英语).
^Ahmad Abd Al-Waliy Vincenzo. A European Civil Project of a Documentation Center on Islam. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 2000, 20 (1): 171–175 (英语).
^Hussein N. Kadhim. The poetics of anti-colonialism in the Arabic qaṣīdah. BRILL. 2004年: 第163頁. ISBN 9004130306(英语).
^Pakistan Historical Society. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. 第50冊. Pakistan Historical Society. 2002年: 第163頁 (英语).